{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"Alla former och storlekar"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

En rymdfarkost \u00e4r en maskin som \u00e4r konstruerad f\u00f6r att skickas ut i rymden. De kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att observera jorden, f\u00f6r kommunikation, navigering och rymdutforskning. Det finns ocks\u00e5 rymdfarkoster som transporterar m\u00e4nniskor ut i rymden, s\u00e5 kallade \u2018bemannade rymdfarkoster\u2019, och andra som transporterar den utrustning som beh\u00f6vs till rymdstationer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Eftersom det inte finns n\u00e5gon luft i rymden kan en rymdfarkost ha i stort sett vilken form som helst. Storleken \u00e4r d\u00e4remot ett st\u00f6rre problem. En rymdfarkost m\u00e5ste kunna f\u00e5 plats inuti en raketk\u00e5pa och raketen m\u00e5ste ha tillr\u00e4cklig kraft f\u00f6r att lyfta den i omloppsbana. V\u00e4rldens f\u00f6rsta satellit, som hette Sputnik, v\u00e4gde 83,6 kg och var inte st\u00f6rre \u00e4n en basketboll. Idag kan kommunikationssatelliter v\u00e4ga mer \u00e4n 6 ton (6 000 kg).<\/p>\n

Modulerna som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att bygga rymdstationer \u00e4r \u00e4nnu st\u00f6rre. ESA:s 20 ton tunga ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle) kan transportera upp till 9 ton last och experiment till den internationella rymdstationen.<\/p>\n

En rymdfarkosts form beror till stor del p\u00e5 om den roterar eller inte i rymden.<\/p>\n

Vissa satelliter, till exempel Meteosat, roterar och \u00e4r trumformade. De flesta satelliter idag \u00e4r l\u00e5dformade och roterar inte. Deras instrument ombord, till exempel kameror, \u00e4r oftast riktade \u00e5t samma h\u00e5ll.<\/p>\n

Vissa \u00e4r utrustade med stora \u2018solvingar\u2019 (solpaneler som omvandlar solljus till elektricitet) som roterar s\u00e5 att de alltid \u00e4r riktade mot solen. Sm\u00e5 satelliter har ofta plana solpaneler p\u00e5 alla fyra sidor.<\/p>\n

Landare \u00e4r annorlunda. De m\u00e5ste t\u00e5la extrem hetta n\u00e4r de faller genom luften i h\u00f6g hastighet. Till exempel var ESA:s sond Huygens, som landade p\u00e5 Titan, utformad som en tefat med ett fram\u00e5triktat v\u00e4rmeskydd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}