{"id":822,"date":"2004-12-02T15:38:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/different_orbits\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:40","slug":"different_orbits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/different_orbits\/","title":{"rendered":"Olika banor"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

En bana \u00e4r den v\u00e4g som ett f\u00f6rem\u00e5l f\u00f6ljer runt en viss punkt i rymden, till exempel den v\u00e4g som m\u00e5nen tar runt jorden. Banor best\u00e4ms av gravitationen och \u00e4r ofta \u2018elliptiska\u2019, det vill s\u00e4ga ovala.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Varje satellit placeras i den b\u00e4sta omloppsbanan f\u00f6r att kunna utf\u00f6ra sitt uppdrag. Jordobservationssatelliter placeras till exempel vanligtvis i l\u00e5ga (400\u20131 200 km) cirkul\u00e4ra omloppsbanor. Detta g\u00f6r att de kan kretsa runt jorden en g\u00e5ng varannan timme och f\u00e5 detaljerade bilder av jordytan.<\/p>\n

Den b\u00e4sta banan f\u00f6r dessa satelliter \u00e4r en \u201cpol\u00e4r\u201d bana, som leder dem \u00f6ver nord- och sydpolerna. N\u00e4r jorden roterar under dem kan satelliterna blicka rakt ned\u00e5t och kartl\u00e4gga hela planeten \u2013 remsa f\u00f6r remsa \u2013 under loppet av n\u00e5gra dagar.<\/p>\n

V\u00e4der- och kommunikationssatelliter \u201csv\u00e4var\u201d ofta \u00f6ver samma del av jorden dygnet runt. Detta m\u00f6jligg\u00f6rs genom att man placerar dem i cirkul\u00e4ra banor cirka 36 000 km ovanf\u00f6r ekvatorn. P\u00e5 denna h\u00f6jd h\u00e5ller de j\u00e4mna steg med jordens rotation, vilket inneb\u00e4r att de alltid ser ner p\u00e5 samma platser. Detta kallas en \u201cgeostation\u00e4r bana\u201d. Vissa satelliter \u2013 d\u00e4ribland den internationella rymdstationen \u2013 f\u00f6ljer l\u00e5ga banor som \u00e4r lutande (vinklade) i f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande till ekvatorn.<\/p>\n

Ett antal vetenskapliga satelliter, till exempel ESA:s Cluster och XMM-Newton, r\u00f6r sig i mycket elliptiska (\u00e4ggformade) banor som f\u00f6r dem n\u00e4ra jorden och sedan l\u00e5ngt bort.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An orbit is the path of an object around a particular point in space, for example the path the Moon takes around the Earth. Orbits are determined by gravity, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/05\/some_popular_orbits3\/17864898-3-eng-GB\/Some_popular_orbits.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Some popular orbits","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/05\/Some_popular_orbits3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1965,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions\/1965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}