{"id":805,"date":"2011-07-05T08:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/communications\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:27","slug":"communications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/communications\/","title":{"rendered":"Kommunikation"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Fans av TV-serien fr\u00e5n 1960-talet Star Trek<\/i> blev f\u00f6rv\u00e5nade n\u00e4r de s\u00e5g kapten Kirk f\u00e4lla upp en liten handh\u00e5llen telefon f\u00f6r att prata med bes\u00e4ttningen p\u00e5 sitt rymdskepp. Idag \u00e4r mobiltelefoner inte l\u00e4ngre science fiction. Var du \u00e4n befinner dig p\u00e5 jorden, fr\u00e5n polarregionerna till mitt ute p\u00e5 havet, \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt att h\u00e5lla kontakten via telefon. Med de senaste modellerna g\u00e5r det \u00e4ven att skicka e-post och s\u00f6ka p\u00e5 internet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Denna revolution inom kommunikationsomr\u00e5det har blivit m\u00f6jlig tack vare inf\u00f6randet av satellitteknik. Fram till mitten av 1960-talet sk\u00f6ttes telefonsamtalen via markbundna radiol\u00e4nkar och kablar. Det fanns dock begr\u00e4nsningar f\u00f6r hur m\u00e5nga samtal som kunde hanteras.<\/p>\n

Sedan kom de f\u00f6rsta kommunikationssatelliterna. Satelliterna, som kretsade i en geostation\u00e4r bana cirka 36 000 km ovanf\u00f6r ekvatorn, kunde fungera utan ett kostsamt n\u00e4tverk av s\u00e4ndare och kablar. De kunde enkelt koppla samman samtalare p\u00e5 b\u00e5da sidor om ett hav eller en bergskedja. Early Bird, som sk\u00f6ts upp 1965, kunde hantera 240 telefonsamtal samtidigt. Idag kan en stor kommunikationssatellit hantera hundratusentals telefonsamtal.<\/p>\n

En annan revolution har \u00e4gt rum under de senaste \u00e5ren, i och med inf\u00f6randet av flottor av sm\u00e5 satelliter i l\u00e5ga eller medelh\u00f6ga omloppsbanor runt jorden. Eftersom dussintals av dem flyger l\u00e4ngs olika banor finns det alltid flera satelliter ovanf\u00f6r horisonten som kan ta emot samtal fr\u00e5n mobila enheter. Varje samtal skickas sedan till en s\u00e5 kallad \u2018gateway\u2019-station p\u00e5 marken, som vidarebefordrar det till mottagaren. Dessa satelliter anv\u00e4nds \u00e4ven f\u00f6r personlig sp\u00e5rning, meddelanden och lokalisering i n\u00f6dsituationer.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fans of the 1960s TV series Star Trek were amazed when they saw Captain Kirk flip open a tiny hand-help phone to speak to the crew of his starship. Today, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/10\/hylas-1_serving_europe2\/17876924-2-eng-GB\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/10\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1948,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions\/1948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}