{"id":637,"date":"2013-10-16T09:57:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:34","slug":"herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: ESA:s superkylda v\u00e4rmes\u00f6kare"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Den 14 maj 2009 sk\u00f6ts tv\u00e5 av de mest k\u00e4nsliga rymdobservatorierna som n\u00e5gonsin byggts upp fr\u00e5n Kourou i Franska Guyana. Ombord p\u00e5 den europeiska Ariane 5-raketen fanns Herschel, v\u00e4rldens mest kraftfulla v\u00e4rmes\u00f6kande rymdteleskop, och Planck, som konstruerades f\u00f6r att studera den svaga str\u00e5lningen som fyllde universum omedelbart efter Big Bang.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Allt med ESA:s rymdobservatorium Herschel var stort. Satelliten var cirka 7 meter h\u00f6g och 4,3 meter bred, med en massa p\u00e5 3,25 ton. Dess teleskop hade en huvudspegel med en diameter p\u00e5 3,5 meter, den st\u00f6rsta som n\u00e5gonsin byggts f\u00f6r en vetenskaplig rymdfarkost.<\/p>\n

Observatoriet uppkallades efter en annan vetenskaplig gigant, den tyske amat\u00f6rastronomen och musikern William Herschel, som uppt\u00e4ckte planeten Uranus \u00e5r 1781. 19 \u00e5r senare uppt\u00e4ckte han \u00e4ven en form av osynligt ljus som forskarna kallar \u201cinfrar\u00f6d str\u00e5lning\u201d. Vi brukar ofta bara kalla det \u201cv\u00e4rme\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Andromeda<\/figure>\n

Herschel-observatoriet placerades i en speciell omloppsbana 1,5 miljoner kilometer bort, tillr\u00e4ckligt l\u00e5ngt bort f\u00f6r att undvika problem orsakade av att v\u00e4rme fr\u00e5n jorden st\u00f6rde observationerna. Dess tre instrument kyldes med flytande helium s\u00e5 att deras temperatur l\u00e5g n\u00e4ra den absoluta nollpunkten (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Herschel anv\u00e4ndes f\u00f6r att studera det \u2018kalla\u2019 universum. Dess extremt kalla \u2018\u00f6gon\u2019 kunde se igenom stoftmoln f\u00f6r att studera stj\u00e4rnbildningsomr\u00e5den och galaxernas centrum, samt uppt\u00e4cka dolda stj\u00e4rnor och planeter. Den kunde ocks\u00e5 sp\u00e5ra avl\u00e4gsna galaxer f\u00f6r att kasta nytt ljus \u00f6ver hur de bildades f\u00f6r miljarder \u00e5r sedan.<\/p>\n

Herschels banbrytande vetenskapliga uppdrag avslutades den 29 april 2013, d\u00e5 f\u00f6rr\u00e5det av helium som kylmedel tog slut. Satelliten fortsatte dock att anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r banprov fram till den 17 juni, d\u00e5 det sista kommandot om att st\u00e4nga av den skickades.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On 14 May 2009, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever built were launched from Kourou in French Guiana. On board Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 rocket were Herschel, the world\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/herschel_under_discussion2\/17880624-2-eng-GB\/Herschel_under_discussion.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - C. Carreau","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Herschel_under_discussion2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=637"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4600,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions\/4600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}