{"id":633,"date":"2004-12-02T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/european_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:31","slug":"european_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/european_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Europeiska raketer"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Raketer anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att skjuta upp satelliter och rymdf\u00e4rjor i rymden. Deras kraftfulla motorer g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att skjuta upp rymdfarkoster i rymden med otroliga hastigheter och placera dem i r\u00e4tt omloppsbana. Europas viktigaste raketfamilj \u00e4r Ariane. Sedan 1979 har fem huvudtyper av Ariane-raketer skjutits upp fr\u00e5n Kourou, Europas rymdhamn i Franska Guyana.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Grundversionen av Ariane-5, kallad Ariane-5 Generic, genomf\u00f6rde sin f\u00f6rsta framg\u00e5ngsrika uppskjutning 1997. Den v\u00e4gde 750 ton vid uppskjutningen. Den kunde skjuta upp tv\u00e5 satelliter med en sammanlagd vikt p\u00e5 \u00f6ver sex ton i omloppsbana.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6r att kunna konkurrera med stora b\u00e4rraketer fr\u00e5n andra l\u00e4nder har man utvecklat kraftfullare Ariane 5-raketer. Ariane-5 ECA kan s\u00e4nda upp till 10 ton i omloppsbana och kommer i framtiden att kunna transportera \u00e4nnu mer \u00e4n s\u00e5. En annan version, kallad Ariane-5 ES, transporterar de 19 ton tunga automatiska transportfarkosterna (ATV:er) till l\u00e5g omloppsbana runt jorden, d\u00e4r de inleder sin resa till den internationella rymdstationen (ISS).<\/p>\n

\u00c4ven om kommunikationssatelliterna generellt sett blir st\u00f6rre finns det fortfarande ett behov av en liten b\u00e4rraket f\u00f6r att skjuta upp andra typer av satelliter. Europa beslutade att bygga en egen kostnadseffektiv raket med fast br\u00e4nsle, kallad Vega. Denna raket kan placera satelliter som v\u00e4ger mellan 300 och 2 000 kg i olika omloppsbanor. Vegas f\u00f6rsta uppskjutning fr\u00e5n Kourou \u00e4gde rum den 13 februari 2012.<\/p>\n

Europa kom ocks\u00e5 \u00f6verens med Ryssland om att skjuta upp Sojuz-raketer fr\u00e5n Kourou. Den f\u00f6rsta Sojuz-uppskjutningen fr\u00e5n Sydamerika \u00e4gde rum den 21 oktober 2011. Sojuz \u00e4r en medelstor raket som Ryssland har anv\u00e4nt framg\u00e5ngsrikt i m\u00e5nga \u00e5r. ESA-satelliter som Cluster och Mars Express har tidigare skjutits upp med Soyuz fr\u00e5n kosmodromen Baikonur i Kazakstan. D\u00e4rifr\u00e5n sker \u00e4ven bemannade uppskjutningar till ISS.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rockets are used to launch satellites and Space Shuttles into space. Their powerful engines allow spacecraft to be blasted into space at incredible speeds, putting them into the correct orbit. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/artist_s_impression_of_an_ariane_5_eca2\/17864677-3-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-D. Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1776,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}