{"id":311,"date":"2011-01-25T15:14:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-25T14:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/satellites\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:26:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:26:43","slug":"satellites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/satellites\/","title":{"rendered":"Satelliter"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Inom astronomin \u00e4r en satellit ett objekt som kretsar kring en planet. Det finns flera hundra naturliga satelliter, eller m\u00e5nar, i v\u00e5rt solsystem. Sedan 1957 har dessutom tusentals konstgjorda (av m\u00e4nniskan skapade) satelliter skjutits upp. Dessa har m\u00e5nga olika anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den, bland annat att ta bilder av solen, jorden och andra planeter, samt att blicka djupt ut i rymden mot svarta h\u00e5l, avl\u00e4gsna stj\u00e4rnor och galaxer. Det finns \u00e4ven kommunikationssatelliter, v\u00e4dersatelliter och den internationella rymdstationen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Den f\u00f6rsta konstgjorda satelliten, Sputnik 1, sk\u00f6ts upp 1957. Den var mycket enkel. En liten aluminiumkula, ungef\u00e4r lika stor som en strandboll, med fyra l\u00e5nga antenner, som drevs av batterier. Inuti Sputnik fanns radios\u00e4ndare som s\u00e4nde ut ett karakteristiskt pip-pip-ljud som h\u00f6rdes \u00f6ver hela v\u00e4rlden. Uppskjutningen av denna lilla och enkla satellit markerade b\u00f6rjan p\u00e5 rymd\u00e5ldern.<\/p>\n

Moderna satelliter \u00e4r betydligt mer komplicerade. De flesta satelliter \u00e4r konstruerade f\u00f6r att vara s\u00e5 starka och l\u00e4tta som m\u00f6jligt. De byggs enligt samma grundmodell. En plattform som kallas en buss inneh\u00e5ller alla huvudsystem, inklusive batterier, dator och man\u00f6vreringsraketer. P\u00e5 bussen sitter antenner, solpaneler och instrument (s\u00e5som kameror, teleskop och kommunikationsutrustning).<\/p>\n

Satelliter m\u00e5ste f\u00f6rs\u00f6rja sig sj\u00e4lva med energi. Detta sker vanligtvis med hj\u00e4lp av stora solpaneler (vingar) som \u00e4r t\u00e4ckta med ljusk\u00e4nsliga solceller. Panelerna \u00e4r flera meter l\u00e5nga och m\u00e5ste vikas ihop inf\u00f6r uppskjutningen. Solcellerna levererar flera kilowatt energi, \u00e4ven om deras verkningsgrad minskar med tiden. De flesta solpanelerna kan vridas s\u00e5 att de f\u00e5ngar upp s\u00e5 mycket solljus som m\u00f6jligt. N\u00e4r satelliten hamnar i skugga f\u00e5r den sin energi fr\u00e5n uppladdningsbara batterier.<\/p>\n

Den sida av en satellit som vetter mot solen blir mycket varm, medan den skuggade sidan blir mycket kall. Detta utg\u00f6r ett problem eftersom de flesta satellitkomponenter \u00e4r k\u00e4nsliga f\u00f6r extrem v\u00e4rme eller kyla. N\u00e5gra s\u00e4tt att skydda instrumenten \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda flera lager av filtar som ser ut som aluminiumfolie f\u00f6r att h\u00e5lla kvar v\u00e4rmen, samt att montera kylfl\u00e4nsar f\u00f6r att leda bort v\u00e4rmen fr\u00e5n den elektriska utrustningen.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In astronomy, a satellite is an object that orbits (goes around) a planet. There are several hundred natural satellites, or moons, in our Solar System. Thousands of artificial (human-made) satellites […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/esa_s_artemis_satellite2\/17863937-3-eng-GB\/ESA_s_Artemis_satellite.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/J.Huart","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/ESA_s_Artemis_satellite2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1454,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311\/revisions\/1454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}