{"id":188,"date":"2021-12-02T12:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:16","slug":"xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/","title":{"rendered":"XMM-Newton: ESA:s r\u00f6ntgendetektor med flera speglar"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

ESAs r\u00f6ntgenobservatorium XMM-Newton \u00e4r det st\u00f6rsta rymdobservatoriet som n\u00e5gonsin byggts i Europa. Rymdfarkosten, som v\u00e4gde 3,8 ton vid uppskjutningen, \u00e4r 10 meter l\u00e5ng och har en sp\u00e4nnvidd p\u00e5 16 meter mellan de tv\u00e5 solpanelerna. Dess tunna, guldbelagda speglar f\u00e5ngar upp h\u00f6genergiska r\u00f6ntgenstr\u00e5lar fr\u00e5n alla delar av universum, och dess k\u00e4nsliga kameror kan se mycket mer \u00e4n n\u00e5gon tidigare r\u00f6ntgensatellit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

XMM-Newton sk\u00f6ts upp med en europeisk Ariane 5-raket den 10 december 1999. Den placerades i en ovanlig 48-timmarsbana runt jorden, med en h\u00f6jd som varierade mellan 7 000 km och 114 000 km. Uppdraget kallades ursprungligen XMM efter sin konstruktion med flera speglar f\u00f6r r\u00f6ntgenstr\u00e5lning (X-ray Multi-Mirror). Namnet \u00e4ndrades senare till XMM-Newton, till \u00e4ra f\u00f6r den ber\u00f6mde brittiske vetenskapsmannen Sir Isaac Newton.<\/p>\n

\"Supermassive<\/figure>\n

Trots att dess ursprungliga uppdrag var avsett att p\u00e5g\u00e5 i tv\u00e5 \u00e5r \u00e4r XMM-Newton fortfarande i gott skick. Detta enast\u00e5ende observatorium har studerat alla m\u00f6jliga slags objekt, allt fr\u00e5n kometer och planeter i v\u00e5rt solsystem till supermassiva svarta h\u00e5l och exploderande stj\u00e4rnor i universums yttersta delar. Under sina 14 \u00e5r i drift har det uppt\u00e4ckt \u00f6ver en halv miljon r\u00f6ntgenk\u00e4llor, dubbelt s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga som man tidigare k\u00e4nde till.<\/p>\n

Dessa uppt\u00e4ckter har m\u00f6jliggjorts tack vare observatoriets avancerade konstruktion. Eftersom r\u00f6ntgenstr\u00e5lning passerar rakt igenom vanliga speglar best\u00e5r vart och ett av XMM:s tre tunnformade teleskop av 58 kr\u00f6kta speglar som \u00e4r placerade inuti varandra. Inkommande r\u00f6ntgenstr\u00e5lning studsar mot ytorna p\u00e5 dessa speglar s\u00e5 att den slutligen fokuseras p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 typer av instrument utrustade med CCD-detektorer (liknande dem som finns i digitalkameror). En optisk kamera g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r astronomerna att precisera sina m\u00e5l.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray observatory is the biggest space observatory ever built in Europe. Weighing 3.8 tonnes at launch, the spacecraft is 10 metres long and measures 16 metres across its […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/03\/xmm-newton2\/17903196-2-eng-GB\/XMM-Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"XMM-Newton","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (Image by C. Carreau)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/03\/XMM-Newton2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4348,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions\/4348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}