{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"Vseh oblik in velikosti"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Vesoljsko plovilo je naprava, namenjena za izstrelitev v vesolje. Uporabljajo se lahko za opazovanje Zemlje, komunikacijo, navigacijo in raziskovanje vesolja. Obstajajo tudi vesoljska plovila, ki v vesolje preva\u017eajo ljudi, imenovana \u2018vesoljska plovila z posadko\u2019, ter druga, ki preva\u017eajo potrebne zaloge na vesoljske postaje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ker v vesolju ni zraka, lahko ima vesoljsko plovilo prakti\u010dno kakr\u0161no koli obliko. Ve\u010dji problem predstavlja velikost. Vesoljsko plovilo mora biti dovolj majhno, da se prilega v raketni nosilec, raketa pa mora imeti dovolj mo\u010di, da ga izstreli v orbito. Prvi satelit na svetu, imenovan Sputnik, je tehtal 83,6 kg in ni bil ve\u010dji od ko\u0161arkarske \u017eoge. Danes lahko komunikacijski sateliti tehtajo ve\u010d kot 6 ton (6000 kg).<\/p>\n

Moduli, ki se uporabljajo za gradnjo vesoljskih postaj, so \u0161e ve\u010dji. 20-tonsko plovilo ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle) agencije ESA lahko na Mednarodno vesoljsko postajo prepelje do 9 ton tovora in eksperimentov.<\/p>\n

Oblika vesoljskega plovila je v glavnem odvisna od tega, ali se v vesolju vrti ali ne.<\/p>\n

Nekateri sateliti, kot je na primer Meteosat, se vrtijo in imajo obliko bobna. Ve\u010dina dana\u0161njih satelitov ima obliko \u0161katle in se ne vrti. Njihove naprave na krovu, kot so kamere, so ve\u010dino \u010dasa usmerjene v isto smer.<\/p>\n

Nekateri imajo velika son\u010dna \u2018krila\u2019 (son\u010dne celice, ki son\u010dno svetlobo pretvarjajo v elektri\u010dno energijo), ki se vrtijo tako, da so vedno usmerjena proti Soncu. Majhni sateliti imajo pogosto ravne son\u010dne celice na vseh \u0161tirih straneh.<\/p>\n

Pristajalni moduli so druga\u010dni. Med hitrim spu\u0161\u010danjem skozi zrak morajo prenesti ekstremno vro\u010dino. Na primer, sonda Huygens agencije ESA, ki je pristala na Titanu, je imela obliko kro\u017enika s toplotnim \u0161\u010ditom, usmerjenim naprej.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}