{"id":805,"date":"2011-07-05T08:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/communications\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:27","slug":"communications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/communications\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunikacije"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ljubitelji televizijske serije iz 60. let Star Trek<\/i> so bili navdu\u0161eni, ko so videli, kako je kapitan Kirk odprl majhen ro\u010dni telefon, da bi se pogovoril s posadko svoje vesoljske ladje. Danes mobilni telefoni niso ve\u010d znanstvena fantastika. Kamorkoli greste na Zemlji, od polarnih obmo\u010dij do sredi\u0161\u010da oceana, je mogo\u010de ostati v stiku prek telefona. Z najnovej\u0161imi modeli je mogo\u010de tudi po\u0161iljati e-po\u0161to in brskati po internetu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

To revolucijo na podro\u010dju komunikacij je omogo\u010dila uvedba satelitske tehnologije. Do sredine 60. let 20. stoletja so se telefonska sporo\u010dila prena\u0161ala prek kopenskih radijskih povezav in kablov. Vendar je bilo \u0161tevilo sporo\u010dil, ki jih je bilo mogo\u010de prenesti, omejeno.<\/p>\n

Nato so se pojavili prvi komunikacijski sateliti. Sateliti, ki so kro\u017eili v geostacionarni orbiti, pribli\u017eno 36.000 km nad ekvatorjem, so lahko delovali brez dragega omre\u017eja oddajnikov in kablov. Z lahkoto so lahko povezovali klicatelje na obeh straneh oceana ali gorskega grebena. Satelit \u00bbEarly Bird\u00ab, izstreljen leta 1965, je lahko hkrati obdeloval 240 telefonskih klicev. Danes lahko velik komunikacijski satelit obdeluje ve\u010d sto tiso\u010d telefonskih klicev.<\/p>\n

V zadnjih letih se je zgodila \u0161e ena revolucija, in sicer z uvedbo flot majhnih satelitov v nizkih ali srednjih zemeljskih tirnicah. Ker jih po razli\u010dnih tirnicah leti na desetine, je nad obzorjem vedno ve\u010d satelitov, ki sprejemajo klice iz mobilnih naprav. Vsak klic se nato posreduje na \u2018vstopno\u2019 postajo na tleh, ki ga nato posreduje naprej do prejemnika. Ti sateliti se uporabljajo tudi za osebno sledenje, po\u0161iljanje sporo\u010dil in dolo\u010danje lokacije v nujnih primerih.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fans of the 1960s TV series Star Trek were amazed when they saw Captain Kirk flip open a tiny hand-help phone to speak to the crew of his starship. Today, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/10\/hylas-1_serving_europe2\/17876924-2-eng-GB\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/10\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1948,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions\/1948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}