{"id":637,"date":"2013-10-16T09:57:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:34","slug":"herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: ESA-jev izjemno hladen iskalec toplote"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

14. maja 2009 sta bila iz Kourouja v Francoski Gvajani izstreljena dva najbolj ob\u010dutljiva vesoljska observatorija, kar sta jih kdaj zgradili. Na krovu evropske rakete Ariane 5 sta bila Herschel, najmo\u010dnej\u0161i vesoljski teleskop na svetu, ki zazna toploto, in Planck, ki je bil zasnovan za preu\u010devanje \u0161ibkega sevanja, ki je napolnjevalo vesolje takoj po velikem poku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Vse v zvezi z vesoljskim observatorijem Herschel agencije ESA je bilo ogromno. Satelit je bil visok pribli\u017eno 7 metrov in \u0161irok 4,3 metra, njegova masa pa je zna\u0161ala 3,25 tone. Glavno zrcalo njegovega teleskopa je imelo premer 3,5 metra, kar je najve\u010dje zrcalo, ki je bilo kdaj koli izdelano za znanstveno vesoljsko plovilo.<\/p>\n

Observatorij je bil poimenovan po \u0161e enem velikem znanstveniku, nem\u0161kem amaterskem astronomu in glasbeniku Williamu Herschelu, ki je leta 1781 odkril planet Uran. 19 let kasneje je odkril tudi vrsto nevidne svetlobe, ki jo znanstveniki poznajo kot \u201cinfrarde\u010de sevanje\u201d. Pogosto jo preprosto imenujemo \u201ctoplota\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Andromeda<\/figure>\n

Observatorij Herschel je bil izstreljen na posebno orbito, oddaljeno 1,5 milijona kilometrov, kar je dovolj dale\u010d, da se izogne te\u017eavam, ki jih povzro\u010da toplota Zemlje in ki motijo opazovanja. Njegove tri naprave so bile hlajene s teko\u010dim helijem, tako da je bila njihova temperatura blizu absolutne ni\u010dle (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Satelit Herschel so uporabili za raziskovanje \u2018hladnega\u2019 vesolja. Njegova izjemno ob\u010dutljiva \u2018o\u010desa\u2019 so lahko videla skozi prahove oblake, da so raziskovala obmo\u010dja nastajanja zvezd in sredi\u0161\u010da galaksij ter odkrivala skrite zvezde in planete. Prav tako je lahko odkrival oddaljene galaksije, da bi na novo osvetlil, kako so nastale pred milijardami let.<\/p>\n

Herschelova revolucionarna znanstvena misija se je kon\u010dala 29. aprila 2013, ko se je zaloga helija za hlajenje iz\u010drpala. Vendar se je satelit \u0161e naprej uporabljal za orbitalne teste, dokler ni bil 17. junija poslan kon\u010dni ukaz za njegovo izklopitev.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On 14 May 2009, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever built were launched from Kourou in French Guiana. On board Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 rocket were Herschel, the world\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/herschel_under_discussion2\/17880624-2-eng-GB\/Herschel_under_discussion.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - C. Carreau","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Herschel_under_discussion2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=637"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4600,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions\/4600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}