{"id":633,"date":"2004-12-02T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/european_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:31","slug":"european_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/european_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropske rakete"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Rakete se uporabljajo za izstreljevanje satelitov in vesoljskih \u010dolnov v vesolje. Njihovi mo\u010dni motorji omogo\u010dajo, da se vesoljska plovila izstrelijo v vesolje z neverjetnimi hitrostmi in se tako umestijo na pravo tirnico. Najpomembnej\u0161a dru\u017eina raket v Evropi je Ariane. Od leta 1979 je iz Kourouja, evropskega vesoljskega izstrelitvenega centra v Francoski Gvajani, poletelo pet glavnih tipov raket Ariane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Osnovna razli\u010dica rakete Ariane-5, imenovana Ariane-5 Generic, je prvi\u010d uspe\u0161no poletela leta 1997. Ob izstrelitvi je tehtala 750 ton. V orbito je lahko ponesla dva satelita s skupno maso ve\u010d kot \u0161est ton.<\/p>\n

Da bi lahko konkurirali velikim nosilnim raketam iz drugih dr\u017eav, so razvili zmogljivej\u0161e rakete Ariane 5. Raketa Ariane-5 ECA lahko v orbito izstreli do 10 ton tovora, v prihodnosti pa bo ta zmogljivost \u0161e ve\u010dja. Druga razli\u010dica, imenovana Ariane-5 ES, v nizko zemeljsko orbito prena\u0161a 19-tonska avtomatizirana transportna plovila (ATV), ki se s tem za\u010dnejo svojo pot do Mednarodne vesoljske postaje (ISS).<\/p>\n

\u010ceprav so komunikacijski sateliti na splo\u0161no vse ve\u010dji, \u0161e vedno obstaja potreba po majhni nosilni raketi za izstreljevanje drugih vrst satelitov. Evropa se je odlo\u010dila zgraditi lastno cenovno ugodno raketo na trdno gorivo, imenovano Vega. Ta raketa lahko satelitov s te\u017eo od 300 do 2000 kg izstreli v razli\u010dne orbite. Prvi izstrelitev rakete Vega iz Kourouja je potekala 13. februarja 2012.<\/p>\n

Evropa se je z Rusijo dogovorila tudi o izstreljevanju raket \u00bbSojuz\u00ab iz Kourouja. Prvi izstrelitev rakete \u00bbSojuz\u00ab iz Ju\u017ene Amerike je potekala 21. oktobra 2011. \u00bbSojuz\u00ab je raketa srednje velikosti, ki jo Rusija \u017ee vrsto let uspe\u0161no uporablja. Sateliti ESA, kot sta \u00bbCluster\u00ab in \u00bbMars Express\u00ab, so bili prej izstreljeni z raketo \u00bbSojuz\u00ab iz kozmodroma Bajkonur v Kazahstanu. Iz Bajkonurja se izstreljujejo tudi misije z astronavti na Mednarodno vesoljsko postajo (ISS).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rockets are used to launch satellites and Space Shuttles into space. Their powerful engines allow spacecraft to be blasted into space at incredible speeds, putting them into the correct orbit. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/artist_s_impression_of_an_ariane_5_eca2\/17864677-3-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-D. Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1776,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}