{"id":188,"date":"2021-12-02T12:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:16","slug":"xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/","title":{"rendered":"XMM-Newton: ve\u010dzrcalni detektor rentgenskih \u017earkov agencije ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Rentgenski observatorij XMM-Newton agencije ESA je najve\u010dji vesoljski observatorij, ki je bil kdaj koli zgrajen v Evropi. Vesoljsko plovilo, ki je ob izstrelitvi tehtalo 3,8 tone, je dolgo 10 metrov, premer njegovih dveh son\u010dnih panelov pa zna\u0161a 16 metrov. Njegova tanka, z zlatom prevle\u010dena ogledala zbirajo visokoenergetske rentgenske \u017earke iz vseh delov vesolja, njegove ob\u010dutljive kamere pa lahko vidijo veliko ve\u010d kot kateri koli prej\u0161nji rentgenski satelit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Satelit XMM-Newton je bil 10. decembra 1999 izstreljen z evropsko raketo Ariane 5. Uvr\u0161\u010den je bil v nenavadno 48-urno orbito okoli Zemlje, pri \u010demer se je vi\u0161ina gibala med 7.000 km in 114.000 km. Misija je bila prvotno znana pod imenom XMM po svoji zasnovi z ve\u010d zrcali za rentgenske \u017earke (X-ray Multi-Mirror). Ime je bilo kasneje spremenjeno v XMM-Newton v \u010dast znanemu britanskemu znanstveniku siru Isaacu Newtonu.<\/p>\n

\"Supermassive<\/figure>\n

\u010ceprav je bila njegova prvotna naloga, da deluje dve leti, je XMM-Newton \u0161e vedno v dobrem stanju. Ta izjemni observatorij je preu\u010deval najrazli\u010dnej\u0161e objekte, od kometov in planetov v na\u0161em Oson\u010dju do supermasivnih \u010drnih lukenj in eksplodirajo\u010dih zvezd v najbolj oddaljenih predelih vesolja. V 14 letih delovanja je zaznal ve\u010d kot pol milijona virov rentgenskega sevanja, kar je dvakrat ve\u010d, kot jih je bilo znanih prej.<\/p>\n

Ta odkritja je omogo\u010dila napredna zasnova observatorija. Ker rentgenski \u017earki neposredno prehajajo skozi obi\u010dajna ogledala, je vsak od treh sodastih teleskopov XMM sestavljen iz 58 ukrivljenih ogledal, ki so med seboj vgrajena eno v drugo. Prihajajo\u010di rentgenski \u017earki se odbijajo od povr\u0161in teh ogledal, tako da se na koncu fokusirajo na dve vrsti instrumentov, opremljenih s CCD-detektorji (podobnimi tistim v digitalnih fotoaparatih). Opti\u010dna kamera astronomom omogo\u010da natan\u010dno dolo\u010ditev njihovih ciljev.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray observatory is the biggest space observatory ever built in Europe. Weighing 3.8 tonnes at launch, the spacecraft is 10 metres long and measures 16 metres across its […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/03\/xmm-newton2\/17903196-2-eng-GB\/XMM-Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"XMM-Newton","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (Image by C. Carreau)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/03\/XMM-Newton2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4348,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions\/4348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}