{"id":921,"date":"2004-11-15T16:12:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T15:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/phobos_and_deimos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:48","slug":"phobos_and_deimos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/phobos_and_deimos\/","title":{"rendered":"Phobos \u0219i Deimos"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00cen 1877, astronomul american Asaph Hall a descoperit dou\u0103 luni mici care orbiteaz\u0103 \u00een jurul planetei Marte. Acestea au fost numite Phobos (Frica) \u0219i Deimos (Panica). La mai bine de 130 de ani distan\u021b\u0103, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 dezlege misterele acestor luni.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ar putea fi asteroizi \u2013 roci mici r\u0103mase \u00een urma form\u0103rii planetelor \u2013 care au fost capturate de Marte.<\/p>\n

Ambele luni sunt mai negre dec\u00e2t c\u0103rbunele \u0219i arat\u0103 ca ni\u0219te cartofi zdrobi\u021bi. Phobos are un diametru de 27 km \u00een punctul s\u0103u cel mai lat \u0219i prezint\u0103 un crater de impact de mari dimensiuni pe una dintre fe\u021be. Acesta \u00eenconjoar\u0103 planeta Marte de trei ori \u00eentr-o zi mar\u021bian\u0103.<\/p>\n

Deimos este \u0219i mai mic \u2013 una dintre cele mai mici luni din Sistemul Solar. Se afl\u0103 mai departe de Marte, a\u0219a c\u0103 fiecare orbit\u0103 \u00een jurul planetei dureaz\u0103 pu\u021bin peste o zi.<\/p>\n

Datorit\u0103 dimensiunilor reduse, gravita\u021bia pe ambele luni este foarte slab\u0103. Un astronaut care s-ar afla pe Phobos ar sim\u021bi o for\u021b\u0103 gravita\u021bional\u0103 de 1000 de ori mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt. Orice salt puternic ar putea face ca astronautul s\u0103 fie aruncat \u00een spa\u021biu!<\/p>\n

Zborurile la distan\u021b\u0103 mic\u0103 efectuate de sonda spa\u021bial\u0103 \u201eMars Express\u201d a ESA au oferit indicii despre compozi\u021bia acestor planete \u0219i despre originea lor.<\/p>\n

Mars Express este singura sond\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 care opereaz\u0103 \u00een prezent \u00een jurul Planetei Ro\u0219ii \u0219i care se afl\u0103 pe o orbit\u0103 extrem de eliptic\u0103 (\u00een form\u0103 de ou). Aceast\u0103 traiectorie o duce peste orbita lui Phobos, permi\u021b\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103 observe toate fe\u021bele acestei mici luni. (La fel ca Luna P\u0103m\u00e2ntului, Phobos \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bine \u00eentotdeauna aceea\u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 orientat\u0103 spre planeta vecin\u0103.) \u00centre 23 iulie \u0219i 15 septembrie 2008, Mars Express a efectuat opt survoluri ale lui Phobos, trec\u00e2nd pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acesta la distan\u021be cuprinse \u00eentre 4.500 km \u0219i doar 93 km.<\/p>\n

Imaginile \u00een prim-plan arat\u0103 c\u0103 Phobos, luna mai mare, este o roc\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 \u00een form\u0103 de cartof, cu dimensiunile de doar 27 km x 22 km x 19 km. Este foarte \u00eentunecat\u0103 \u2013 mai neagr\u0103 dec\u00e2t c\u0103rbunele \u2013 \u0219i acoperit\u0103 de numeroase cratere. Urm\u0103rind cu aten\u021bie modul \u00een care Phobos exercit\u0103 o for\u021b\u0103 de atrac\u021bie asupra sondei Mars Express la fiecare trecere pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acesta, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au descoperit c\u0103 acest satelit nu are o densitate foarte mare. Este aproape sigur o \u2018gr\u0103mad\u0103 de pietri\u0219\u2019 \u2013 format\u0103 din numeroase buc\u0103\u021bi de roc\u0103, \u021binute \u00eempreun\u0103 de gravita\u021bie \u2013 mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t un singur obiect solid.<\/p>\n

Studiile realizate de misiunea Mars Express sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 Phobos \u0219i Deimos ar fi putut fi c\u00e2ndva asteroizi care orbiteau \u00een jurul Soarelui \u00eentre Marte \u0219i Jupiter. Cu toate acestea, nimeni nu poate explica \u00eenc\u0103 cum au fost captura\u021bi de Marte \u0219i cum au ajuns pe orbite \u2018normale\u2019 deasupra ecuatorului s\u0103u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 1877, the American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered two small moons circling the planet Mars. They were named Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Panic). More than 130 years later, scientists are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/phobos_in_colour_close-up2\/17881549-2-eng-GB\/Phobos_in_colour_close-up.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Phobos in colour, close-up","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/Phobos_in_colour_close-up2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=921"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2064,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions\/2064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}