{"id":838,"date":"2004-12-02T15:43:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/spaceplanes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:50","slug":"spaceplanes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/spaceplanes\/","title":{"rendered":"Avioane spa\u021biale"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Exist\u0103 diverse modalit\u0103\u021bi de a lansa \u0219i de a pilota nave spa\u021biale reutilizabile.<\/p>\n

Naveta spa\u021bial\u0103 folose\u0219te propriile motoare, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu dou\u0103 rachete auxiliare puternice cu combustibil solid, pentru a se ridica de la sol. Acest proces este denumit uneori \u2018lansare \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 etap\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 pe orbit\u0103\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Una dintre problemele navelor spa\u021biale de tipul navetei spa\u021biale este greutatea suplimentar\u0103 generat\u0103 de combustibil \u0219i de motoarele rachet\u0103. Cu toate acestea, naveta trebuie s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt ca un planor. Nu are motoare cu reac\u021bie \u0219i nu poate zbura \u00een cerc pentru a face o a doua \u00eencercare \u00een cazul \u00een care rateaz\u0103 pista de aterizare.<\/p>\n

O modalitate de a reduce dimensiunile navei spa\u021biale este aceea de a o transporta pe spatele unui alt vehicul pe o parte a traseului. De exemplu, un avion de mari dimensiuni poate transporta un avion spa\u021bial p\u00e2n\u0103 la o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 10 km. Odat\u0103 ce se afl\u0103 deasupra majorit\u0103\u021bii atmosferei, avionul spa\u021bial este eliberat.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, este posibil\u0103 utilizarea unei rachete pentru lansarea unei nave spa\u021biale reutilizabile. La \u00eenceputul anilor 1990, ESA a studiat posibilitatea lans\u0103rii unui mic avion spa\u021bial numit Hermes cu ajutorul rachetei-purt\u0103toare Ariane-5.<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 modalitate de a reduce greutatea ar putea fi utilizarea unei noi genera\u021bii de motoare care s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 aerul din atmosfera noastr\u0103 \u00een prima parte a ascensiunii. Abia c\u00e2nd vehiculul ar ajunge \u00een spa\u021biul cosmic ar trece la propulsia cu rachet\u0103, folosind oxigenul de la bord. Totu\u0219i, p\u00e2n\u0103 la apari\u021bia unor astfel de motoare mai sunt \u00eenc\u0103 mul\u021bi ani.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are various ways to launch and fly reusable spacecraft. The Space Shuttle uses its own engines, together with two powerful solid rocket boosters, to get off the ground. This […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/future_launchers5\/18249547-2-eng-GB\/Future_launchers.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-C. VIJOUX","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Future_launchers5","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1981,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/1981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}