{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"De toate formele \u0219i dimensiunile"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

O nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 este un aparat conceput pentru a fi lansat \u00een spa\u021biu. Acestea pot fi utilizate pentru observarea P\u0103m\u00e2ntului, comunica\u021bii, naviga\u021bie \u0219i explorarea spa\u021biului. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, nave spa\u021biale care transport\u0103 oameni \u00een spa\u021biu, numite \u2018nave spa\u021biale cu echipaj uman\u2019, precum \u0219i altele care transport\u0103 proviziile necesare sta\u021biilor spa\u021biale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Deoarece \u00een spa\u021biu nu exist\u0103 aer, o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 poate avea practic orice form\u0103. Dimensiunea reprezint\u0103 o problem\u0103 mai mare. O nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 \u00eencap\u0103 \u00een carenajul unei rachete, iar racheta trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 suficient\u0103 putere pentru a o lansa pe orbit\u0103. Primul satelit din lume, numit Sputnik, c\u00e2nt\u0103rea 83,6 kg \u0219i nu era mai mare dec\u00e2t o minge de baschet. Ast\u0103zi, sateli\u021bii de comunica\u021bii pot c\u00e2nt\u0103ri peste 6 tone (6000 kg).<\/p>\n

Modulele utilizate pentru construirea sta\u021biilor spa\u021biale sunt chiar mai mari. Vehiculul de transfer automat (ATV) al ESA, cu o greutate de 20 de tone, poate transporta p\u00e2n\u0103 la 9 tone de marf\u0103 \u0219i echipamente experimentale c\u0103tre Sta\u021bia Spa\u021bial\u0103 Interna\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n

Forma unei nave spa\u021biale depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de faptul dac\u0103 aceasta se rote\u0219te sau nu \u00een spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n

Unii sateli\u021bi, precum Meteosat, se rotesc \u0219i au form\u0103 de tambur. Majoritatea sateli\u021bilor din prezent au form\u0103 de cutie \u0219i nu se rotesc. Instrumentele de la bordul acestora, precum camerele video, sunt orientate \u00een aceea\u0219i direc\u021bie \u00een cea mai mare parte a timpului.<\/p>\n

Unii sunt echipa\u021bi cu \u2018aripi\u2019 solare de mari dimensiuni (panouri solare care transform\u0103 lumina solar\u0103 \u00een energie electric\u0103) care se rotesc astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 fie \u00eentotdeauna orientate spre Soare. Sateli\u021bii mici au adesea panouri solare plate pe toate cele patru laturi.<\/p>\n

Modulele de aterizare sunt diferite. Ele trebuie s\u0103 reziste la c\u0103ldur\u0103 extrem\u0103 \u00een timp ce coboar\u0103 prin aer cu vitez\u0103 mare. De exemplu, sonda Huygens a ESA, care a aterizat pe Titan, avea forma unei farfurii, cu un scut termic orientat spre fa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}