{"id":822,"date":"2004-12-02T15:38:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/different_orbits\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:40","slug":"different_orbits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/different_orbits\/","title":{"rendered":"Orbite diferite"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

O orbit\u0103 este traiectoria unui obiect \u00een jurul unui anumit punct din spa\u021biu, de exemplu traiectoria pe care o parcurge Luna \u00een jurul P\u0103m\u00e2ntului. Orbite sunt determinate de gravita\u021bie \u0219i au adesea form\u0103 \u2018eliptic\u0103\u2019, adic\u0103 oval\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Fiecare satelit este plasat pe cea mai potrivit\u0103 orbit\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i \u00eendeplini misiunea. De exemplu, sateli\u021bii de observare a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului sunt de obicei plasa\u021bi pe orbite circulare joase (400 \u2013 1.200 km). Acest lucru le permite s\u0103 \u00eenconjoare P\u0103m\u00e2ntul o dat\u0103 la c\u00e2teva ore \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 imagini detaliate ale suprafe\u021bei planetei.<\/p>\n

Cea mai bun\u0103 traiectorie pentru ace\u0219ti sateli\u021bi este o orbit\u0103 \u201cpolar\u0103\u201d, care \u00eei conduce peste polul nord \u0219i polul sud. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce P\u0103m\u00e2ntul se rote\u0219te sub ei, sateli\u021bii pot privi direct \u00een jos \u0219i pot studia \u00eentreaga planet\u0103 \u2013 band\u0103 cu band\u0103 \u2013 pe parcursul a c\u00e2teva zile.<\/p>\n

Sateli\u021bii meteorologici \u0219i de comunica\u021bii \u201cplutesc\u201d adesea deasupra aceleia\u0219i zone a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului 24 de ore pe zi. Acest lucru este posibil datorit\u0103 plas\u0103rii lor pe orbite circulare la aproximativ 36.000 km deasupra ecuatorului. La aceast\u0103 altitudine, ei \u021bin pasul cu rota\u021bia P\u0103m\u00e2ntului, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t privesc mereu \u00een jos spre acelea\u0219i locuri. Aceasta se nume\u0219te \u201corbit\u0103 geosta\u021bionar\u0103\u201d. Unii sateli\u021bi \u2013 inclusiv Sta\u021bia Spa\u021bial\u0103 Interna\u021bional\u0103 \u2013 urmeaz\u0103 orbite joase, \u00eenclinate fa\u021b\u0103 de ecuator.<\/p>\n

O serie de sateli\u021bi \u0219tiin\u021bifici, precum Cluster \u0219i XMM-Newton ai ESA, urmeaz\u0103 orbite foarte eliptice (\u00een form\u0103 de ou), care \u00eei aduc aproape de P\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i apoi \u00eei duc departe.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An orbit is the path of an object around a particular point in space, for example the path the Moon takes around the Earth. Orbits are determined by gravity, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/05\/some_popular_orbits3\/17864898-3-eng-GB\/Some_popular_orbits.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Some popular orbits","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/05\/Some_popular_orbits3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1965,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions\/1965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}