{"id":805,"date":"2011-07-05T08:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/communications\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:27","slug":"communications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/communications\/","title":{"rendered":"Comunica\u021bii"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Fanii serialului TV din anii 1960 Star Trek<\/i> au r\u0103mas uimi\u021bi c\u00e2nd l-au v\u0103zut pe c\u0103pitanul Kirk deschiz\u00e2nd un mic telefon portabil pentru a vorbi cu echipajul navei sale spa\u021biale. Ast\u0103zi, telefoanele mobile nu mai sunt science fiction. Oriunde te-ai duce pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt, de la regiunile polare p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een mijlocul oceanului, este posibil s\u0103 p\u0103strezi leg\u0103tura prin telefon. Cu cele mai noi modele, este posibil\u0103 \u0219i trimiterea de e-mailuri \u0219i navigarea pe internet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Aceast\u0103 revolu\u021bie \u00een domeniul comunica\u021biilor a fost posibil\u0103 datorit\u0103 introducerii tehnologiei satelitare. P\u00e2n\u0103 la mijlocul anilor 1960, mesajele telefonice erau transmise prin leg\u0103turi radio terestre \u0219i prin cabluri. Cu toate acestea, exista o limit\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de mesaje care puteau fi transmise.<\/p>\n

Apoi au ap\u0103rut primii sateli\u021bi de comunica\u021bii. Timp ce se aflau pe orbita geosta\u021bionar\u0103, la aproximativ 36.000 km deasupra ecuatorului, sateli\u021bii puteau func\u021biona f\u0103r\u0103 o re\u021bea costisitoare de emi\u021b\u0103toare \u0219i cabluri. Ace\u0219tia puteau conecta cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 apelan\u021bii afla\u021bi de o parte \u0219i de alta a unui ocean sau a unui lan\u021b muntos. \u201eEarly Bird\u201d, lansat \u00een 1965, putea gestiona 240 de apeluri telefonice simultan. Ast\u0103zi, un satelit de comunica\u021bii de mari dimensiuni poate gestiona sute de mii de apeluri telefonice.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimii ani a avut loc o alt\u0103 revolu\u021bie, odat\u0103 cu introducerea unor flote de sateli\u021bi mici pe orbite terestre joase sau medii. Cu zeci dintre ace\u0219tia care zboar\u0103 pe traiectorii diferite, exist\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna mai mul\u021bi sateli\u021bi deasupra orizontului care pot recep\u021biona apeluri de la dispozitivele mobile. Fiecare apel este apoi transmis c\u0103tre o sta\u021bie \u2018gateway\u2019 de la sol, care \u00eel redirec\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103tre destinatar. Ace\u0219ti sateli\u021bi sunt folosi\u021bi \u0219i pentru localizare personal\u0103, mesagerie \u0219i localizare \u00een situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fans of the 1960s TV series Star Trek were amazed when they saw Captain Kirk flip open a tiny hand-help phone to speak to the crew of his starship. Today, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/10\/hylas-1_serving_europe2\/17876924-2-eng-GB\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/10\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1948,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions\/1948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}