{"id":714,"date":"2012-11-07T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-07T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:27","slug":"from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/","title":{"rendered":"De la combustibilul pentru rachete la ma\u0219inile ecologice"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Hidrogenul, cel mai u\u0219or dintre toate gazele, este cel mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit element din Univers. Este extrem de u\u0219or de aprins, \u00een prezen\u021ba oxigenului. Folosit \u00een rachetele de lansare Ariane 5 din Europa, hidrogenul este un combustibil excelent pentru rachete, dar este foarte greu de depozitat. Acesta trebuie p\u0103strat \u00een rezervoare cu pere\u021bi dubli, la temperaturi foarte sc\u0103zute, apoi alimentat \u00een motoarele rachetelor prin conducte etan\u0219e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Progresele recente realizate de o companie austriac\u0103 sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 hidrogenul ar putea deveni, de asemenea, combustibilul preferat pentru transportul rutier al viitorului, rezolv\u00e2nd astfel problema cre\u0103rii unor ma\u0219ini ecologice. \u00cen colaborare cu produc\u0103torul auto german BMW, aceast\u0103 companie a adaptat tehnologia rachetelor pentru a dezvolta rezervoare de stocare a hidrogenului suficient de mici \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00eencap\u0103 \u00een portbagajul unui autoturism de tip sedan. \u00cen 2007, acest lucru a dus la apari\u021bia unui model de serie, BMW Hydrogen 7, care poate folosi at\u00e2t hidrogen, c\u00e2t \u0219i benzin\u0103 ca combustibil. Practic, singura emisie a ma\u0219inii este aburul de ap\u0103, care este inofensiv!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"Magna Steyr Aerospace\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\/18250360-2-eng-GB\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank.jpg\" alt=\"Hydrogen car fuel tank\"><figcaption>Rezervor de combustibil pentru ma\u0219ini pe hidrogen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Una dintre provoc\u0103rile majore a fost proiectarea rezervorului de combustibil. Pentru a fi stocat \u00een stare lichid\u0103, hidrogenul trebuie men\u021binut la temperatura de \u2013253 \u00b0C. \u00cen loc s\u0103 utilizeze o sistem de r\u0103cire continu\u0103, autoturismele BMW Hydrogen 7 stocheaz\u0103 114 litri de hidrogen lichid \u00een rezervoare cu izola\u021bie termic\u0103 foarte bun\u0103. Echivalent\u0103 cu un strat de polistiren de 17 m grosime, izola\u021bia rezervoarelor poate men\u021bine hidrogenul la temperaturi sc\u0103zute timp de aproape dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni.<\/p>\n<p>Mai sunt \u00eenc\u0103 c\u00e2teva probleme de dep\u0103\u0219it \u00eenainte ca ma\u0219inile alimentate cu hidrogen s\u0103 devin\u0103 ceva obi\u0219nuit. Una dintre ele este lipsa sta\u021biilor de alimentare. O alt\u0103 problem\u0103 o reprezint\u0103 pierderea hidrogenului lichid atunci c\u00e2nd acesta se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te \u0219i se evapor\u0103 treptat sub form\u0103 de gaz. De exemplu, un \u0219ofer care \u00ee\u0219i las\u0103 ma\u0219ina la aeroport timp de dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni s-ar \u00eentoarce cu rezervorul gol. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 semne clare c\u0103 ma\u0219inile ecologice alimentate cu hidrogen reprezint\u0103 viitorul transportului rutier f\u0103r\u0103 poluare.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydrogen, the lightest of all gases, is the most common element in the Universe. It is extremely easy to burn, if oxygen is present. Used in Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 launchers, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2\/17879995-2-eng-GB\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Liquid hydrogen-powered combustion engine","esa_banner_credit":"BMW\/Magna Steyr Aerospace","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=714"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4644,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions\/4644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}