{"id":637,"date":"2013-10-16T09:57:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:34","slug":"herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: \u201ev\u00e2n\u0103torul de c\u0103ldur\u0103\u201d super-rece al ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>La 14 mai 2009, dou\u0103 dintre cele mai sensibile observatoare spa\u021biale construite vreodat\u0103 au fost lansate de la Kourou, \u00een Guyana Francez\u0103. La bordul rachetei europene Ariane 5 se aflau Herschel, cel mai puternic telescop spa\u021bial cu detectare termic\u0103 din lume, \u0219i Planck, conceput pentru a studia radia\u021bia slab\u0103 care umplea Universul imediat dup\u0103 Big Bang.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Totul la Observatorul Spa\u021bial Herschel al ESA era de dimensiuni impresionante. Satelitul avea o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de aproximativ 7 metri \u0219i o l\u0103\u021bime de 4,3 metri, cu o mas\u0103 de 3,25 tone. Telescopul s\u0103u era dotat cu o oglind\u0103 principal\u0103 cu diametrul de 3,5 metri, cea mai mare construit\u0103 vreodat\u0103 pentru o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Observatorul a fost numit dup\u0103 un alt gigant al \u0219tiin\u021bei, astronomul amator \u0219i muzicianul german William Herschel, care a descoperit planeta Uranus \u00een 1781. 19 ani mai t\u00e2rziu, el a descoperit \u0219i o form\u0103 de lumin\u0103 invizibil\u0103 pe care oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 o numesc \u201cradia\u021bie infraro\u0219ie\u201d. De obicei, noi o numim pur \u0219i simplu \u201cc\u0103ldur\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1500\" data-credit=\"ESA\/Herschel\/PACS\/SPIRE\/J.Fritz, U.Gent\/XMM-Newton\/EPIC\/W. Pietsch, MPE\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/01\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/01\/andromeda_galaxy_in_infrared_and_x-rays2\/17912481-2-eng-GB\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays.jpg\" alt=\"Andromeda Galaxy in infrared and X-rays\"><\/figure>\n<p>Observatorul Herschel a fost plasat pe o orbit\u0103 special\u0103, la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 1,5 milioane de kilometri, suficient de departe pentru a evita ca c\u0103ldura provenit\u0103 de la P\u0103m\u00e2nt s\u0103 interfereze cu observa\u021biile. Cele trei instrumente ale sale au fost r\u0103cite cu heliu lichid, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t temperatura lor s\u0103 fie apropiat\u0103 de zero absolut (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p>Herschel a fost utilizat pentru a studia Universul \u2018rece\u2019. \u2018Ochii\u2019 s\u0103i extrem de sensibili au reu\u0219it s\u0103 vad\u0103 dincolo de norii de praf pentru a studia regiunile de formare a stelelor \u0219i centrele galactice, precum \u0219i pentru a detecta stele \u0219i planete ascunse. De asemenea, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 identifice galaxii \u00eendep\u0103rtate, pentru a aduce noi informa\u021bii despre modul \u00een care s-au format acestea, cu miliarde de ani \u00een urm\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Misiunea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 revolu\u021bionar\u0103 a satelitului Herschel s-a \u00eencheiat pe 29 aprilie 2013, c\u00e2nd s-a epuizat rezerva de heliu utilizat\u0103 pentru r\u0103cire. Cu toate acestea, satelitul a continuat s\u0103 fie folosit pentru teste orbitale p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd, pe 17 iunie, a fost transmis\u0103 comanda final\u0103 de oprire a acestuia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 14 May 2009, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever built were launched from Kourou in French Guiana. On board Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 rocket were Herschel, the world\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/herschel_under_discussion2\/17880624-2-eng-GB\/Herschel_under_discussion.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - C. 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