{"id":633,"date":"2004-12-02T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/european_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:31","slug":"european_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/european_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Rachete europene"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Rachetele sunt folosite pentru a lansa sateli\u021bi \u0219i navete spa\u021biale \u00een spa\u021biu. Motoarele lor puternice permit navelor spa\u021biale s\u0103 fie propulsate \u00een spa\u021biu la viteze incredibile, plas\u00e2ndu-le pe orbita corect\u0103. Cea mai important\u0103 familie de rachete din Europa este Ariane. Din 1979, cinci tipuri principale de rachete Ariane au fost lansate de la Kourou, portul spa\u021bial european din Guyana Francez\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Versiunea de baz\u0103 a rachetei Ariane-5, denumit\u0103 \u201eAriane-5 Generic\u201d, a efectuat primul zbor cu succes \u00een 1997. La lansare, aceasta c\u00e2nt\u0103rea 750 de tone. Era capabil\u0103 s\u0103 plaseze pe orbit\u0103 doi sateli\u021bi cu o greutate total\u0103 de peste \u0219ase tone.<\/p>\n

Pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 concuren\u021bei lansatoarelor de mari dimensiuni din alte \u021b\u0103ri, au fost dezvoltate versiuni mai puternice ale rachetei Ariane 5. Ariane-5 ECA poate plasa pe orbit\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 tone, iar \u00een viitor va putea transporta o \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 \u0219i mai mare. O alt\u0103 versiune, denumit\u0103 Ariane-5 ES, transport\u0103 vehiculele de transfer automat (ATV) de 19 tone pe orbita terestr\u0103 joas\u0103, la \u00eenceputul c\u0103l\u0103toriei lor c\u0103tre Sta\u021bia Spa\u021bial\u0103 Interna\u021bional\u0103 (ISS).<\/p>\n

De\u0219i sateli\u021bii de comunica\u021bii devin, \u00een general, din ce \u00een ce mai mari, exist\u0103 \u00een continuare nevoia unei rachete de lansare de dimensiuni reduse pentru a lansa alte tipuri de sateli\u021bi. Europa a decis s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 propria rachet\u0103 cu combustibil solid, la un cost redus, numit\u0103 Vega. Aceast\u0103 rachet\u0103 poate plasa sateli\u021bi cu o greutate cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 300 \u0219i 2000 kg pe diferite orbite. Prima lansare a rachetei Vega de la Kourou a avut loc pe 13 februarie 2012.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, Europa a convenit cu Rusia s\u0103 lanseze rachete \u201eSoyuz\u201d de la Kourou. Prima lansare a unei rachete \u201eSoyuz\u201d din America de Sud a avut loc pe 21 octombrie 2011. \u201eSoyuz\u201d este o rachet\u0103 de dimensiuni medii, utilizat\u0103 cu succes de Rusia de mul\u021bi ani. Sateli\u021bii ESA, precum Cluster \u0219i Mars Express, au fost lansa\u021bi anterior cu racheta Soyuz de la cosmodromul Baikonur din Kazahstan. De asemenea, de la Baikonur se lanseaz\u0103 misiuni cu echipaj c\u0103tre Sta\u021bia Spa\u021bial\u0103 Interna\u021bional\u0103 (ISS).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rockets are used to launch satellites and Space Shuttles into space. Their powerful engines allow spacecraft to be blasted into space at incredible speeds, putting them into the correct orbit. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/artist_s_impression_of_an_ariane_5_eca2\/17864677-3-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-D. Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1776,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}