{"id":297,"date":"2019-04-04T12:15:36","date_gmt":"2019-04-04T10:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_test_a_new_pulsar_clock\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:26:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:26:33","slug":"esa_test_a_new_pulsar_clock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/esa_test_a_new_pulsar_clock\/","title":{"rendered":"ESA testeaz\u0103 un nou ceas bazat pe pulsari"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>C\u00e2nd ai verificat ultima oar\u0103 ora? Poate ai un ceas de m\u00e2n\u0103 sau un ceas de perete. Te-ai oprit vreodat\u0103 s\u0103 te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti c\u00e2t de precis\u0103 este ora afi\u0219at\u0103 de acestea? \u00cen via\u021ba de zi cu zi, ceasurile trebuie s\u0103 fie precise doar cu c\u00e2teva minute sau secunde. Dar dac\u0103 e\u0219ti om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, inginer sau astronaut? S-ar putea s\u0103 ai nevoie s\u0103 m\u0103sori timpul cu mare precizie. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de la ESA au \u00eenceput s\u0103 testeze un nou tip de ceas de \u00eenalt\u0103 precizie care folose\u0219te pulsari! Denumit \u201cPulChron\u201d, acesta m\u0103soar\u0103 trecerea timpului folosind impulsuri radio cu frecven\u021b\u0103 de milisecunde provenite de la mai multe stele neutronice care se rotesc cu vitez\u0103 mare!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Stelele neutronice sunt obiecte incredibil de dense, formate din nucleele colapsate ale stelelor care au explodat. Sunt minuscule \u00een compara\u021bie cu stelele \u0219i planetele obi\u0219nuite \u2013 av\u00e2nd un diametru de doar aproximativ 10\u201320 km \u2013 dar con\u021bin mai mult\u0103 \u201cmaterie\u201d, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de mas\u0103, dec\u00e2t Soarele! Uneori, stelele neutronice se rotesc foarte rapid. Atunci sunt numite pulsari, iar oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de la PulChron se bazeaz\u0103 tocmai pe acestea. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce pulsarii se rotesc, ei emit fascicule de unde radio care pot fi detectate pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt. Efectul este oarecum similar cu modul \u00een care vedem luminile intermitente ale unui far. Aceste rafale de unde radio sunt at\u00e2t de regulate, \u00eenc\u00e2t ar putea constitui baza unui sistem de ceas foarte precis \u2013 exact ceea ce este testat de echipa PulChron.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"768\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/12\/PulChron_setup\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/12\/pulchron_setup\/19174617-1-eng-GB\/PulChron_setup.jpg\" alt=\"PulChron setup\"><figcaption>Configurarea PulChron<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Am inventat deja c\u00e2teva metode foarte bune de m\u0103surare a timpului. Cea mai bun\u0103 metod\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum este un dispozitiv numit ceas atomic. Electronii din atomi pot absorbi sau elibera cantit\u0103\u021bi foarte precise de energie. Aceast\u0103 energie este eliberat\u0103 sub forma unei unde luminoase cu o frecven\u021b\u0103 specific\u0103 \u2013 un anumit num\u0103r de unde complete pe secund\u0103 \u2013 care poate fi folosit\u0103 pentru a m\u0103sura timpul, la fel cum num\u0103rul de oscila\u021bii complete ale unui pendul \u00eentr-un minut controleaz\u0103 un ceas de podea.<\/p>\n<p>Ceasurile atomice pot fi mai performante pe intervale scurte de timp, cum ar fi anii, dar ceasurile bazate pe pulsari, precum PulChron, ar putea fi mai performante pe intervale de zeci de ani, perioad\u0103 dup\u0103 care ceasurile atomice individuale s-ar putea defecta. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 ceasurile cu pulsar ar putea fi foarte utile pentru viitoarele sisteme de naviga\u021bie prin satelit, precum Galileo al ESA, care necesit\u0103 o m\u0103surare a timpului incredibil de precis\u0103 pe parcursul a mai multor ani.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"3895\" data-credit=\"Mike Peel; Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester.\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/12\/Lovell_Telescope_Jodrell_Bank\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/12\/lovell_telescope_jodrell_bank\/19173940-1-eng-GB\/Lovell_Telescope_Jodrell_Bank.jpg\" alt=\"Lovell Telescope, Jodrell Bank\"><figcaption>Telescopul Lovell, Jodrell Bank<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Totu\u0219i, ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 datele provenite de la un pulsar sunt distorsionate \u2013 poate de undele gravita\u021bionale, care sunt ca ni\u0219te valuri care se propag\u0103 prin spa\u021biu, provocate de evenimente cosmice puternice? Acest lucru ar putea da, pentru scurt timp, impresia c\u0103 pulsarul se rote\u0219te mai repede sau mai \u00eencet. Echipa PulChron s-a g\u00e2ndit la acest lucru \u0219i, prin urmare, folose\u0219te cinci radiotelescoape mari din toat\u0103 Europa pentru a observa nu doar unul, ci 18 pulsari!\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Poate c\u0103, \u00een viitor, ceasurile pulsar vor deveni mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite, func\u021bion\u00e2nd al\u0103turi de ceasurile atomice pentru a ne ajuta s\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103m timpul mai bine ca niciodat\u0103!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"6500\" data-credit=\"ESA-P. Carril\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2014\/07\/Galileo_satellite_in_orbit\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2014\/07\/galileo_satellite_in_orbit\/14632177-1-eng-GB\/Galileo_satellite_in_orbit.jpg\" alt=\"Galileo satellite in orbit\"><figcaption>Satelitul Galileo pe orbit\u0103<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><i>Un fapt interesant: Pulsarii au fost descoperi\u021bi \u00een 1967 de c\u0103tre astronomul britanic Jocelyn Bell Burnell. La \u00eenceput, ea a crezut c\u0103 ar putea fi dovezi ale existen\u021bei unei forme de via\u021b\u0103 extraterestr\u0103 inteligent\u0103 care \u00eencerca s\u0103 comunice cu noi!\u00a0<\/i><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When was the last time you checked the time? Maybe you have a wristwatch, or a clock on the wall. Did you stop to think about how accurate the time [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2017\/05\/crab_on_lcd\/16946171-1-eng-GB\/Crab_on_LCD.jpg","esa_banner_description":"A pulsar is hidden deep within this supernova bubble. Copyright: NASA, ESA, G. Dubner (IAFE, CONICET-University of Buenos Aires) et al.; A. Loll et al.; T. Temim et al.; F. Seward et al.; VLA\/NRAO\/AUI\/NSF; Chandra\/CXC; Spitzer\/JPL-Caltech; XMM-Newton\/ESA; and Hubble\/STScI, CC BY 4.0","esa_banner_credit":"NASA, ESA, G. Dubner (IAFE, CONICET-University of Buenos Aires) et al.; A. Loll et al.; T. Temim et al.; F. Seward et al.; VLA\/NRAO\/AUI\/NSF; Chandra\/CXC; Spitzer\/JPL-Caltech; XMM-Newton\/ESA; and Hubble\/STScI,CC BY 4.0","esa_banner_licence":"CC BY 4.0 INT or ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/05\/Crab_on_LCD","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4394,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions\/4394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}