{"id":982,"date":"2008-10-17T09:18:00","date_gmt":"2008-10-17T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/solving_the_mysteries_of_a_martian_moon\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:29","slug":"solving_the_mysteries_of_a_martian_moon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/solving_the_mysteries_of_a_martian_moon\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozwi\u0105zanie tajemnic ksi\u0119\u017cyca Marsa"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>W 1877 roku ameryka\u0144ski astronom Asaph Hall odkry\u0142 dwa ma\u0142e ksi\u0119\u017cyce kr\u0105\u017c\u0105ce wok\u00f3\u0142 Marsa. Nazwano je Fobos (Strach) i Deimos (Panika). Ponad 130 lat p\u00f3\u017aniej naukowcy wci\u0105\u017c pr\u00f3buj\u0105 rozwik\u0142a\u0107 tajemnice tych ksi\u0119\u017cyc\u00f3w. Jednak ostatnie bliskie przeloty sondy Mars Express nale\u017c\u0105cej do ESA dostarczy\u0142y wskaz\u00f3wek dotycz\u0105cych ich sk\u0142adu i pochodzenia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mars Express to jedyny statek kosmiczny dzia\u0142aj\u0105cy obecnie wok\u00f3\u0142 Czerwonej Planety, kt\u00f3ry porusza si\u0119 po orbicie o wysokim stopniu eliptyczno\u015bci (w kszta\u0142cie jajka). Ta trajektoria prowadzi go przez orbit\u0119 Fobosa, co pozwala mu obserwowa\u0107 wszystkie strony tego ma\u0142ego ksi\u0119\u017cyca. (Podobnie jak Ksi\u0119\u017cyc Ziemi, Fobos zawsze zwraca t\u0119 sam\u0105 stron\u0119 w kierunku pobliskiej planety.) W okresie od 23 lipca do 15 wrze\u015bnia 2008 r. sonda Mars Express wykona\u0142a osiem przelot\u00f3w obok Fobosa, mijaj\u0105c go w odleg\u0142o\u015bciach od 4 500 km do zaledwie 93 km.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"ESA\/ DLR (K.Willner)\/ FU Berlin (G. Neukum)\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Media\/Animations\/Phobos_animation_-_Image2_422-20081013-0000-6-mov-01-PhobosSeries\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/media\/animations\/phobos_animation_-_image2_422-20081013-0000-6-mov-01-phobosseries\/4172-5-eng-GB\/Phobos_animation_-_Image2_422-20081013-0000-6-mov-01-PhobosSeries.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>Zdj\u0119cia z bliska pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce Fobos, wi\u0119kszy z ksi\u0119\u017cyc\u00f3w, jest kosmicznym kamieniem w kszta\u0142cie ziemniaka o wymiarach zaledwie 27 km \u00d7 22 km \u00d7 19 km. Jest bardzo ciemny \u2013 czarniejszy od w\u0119gla \u2013 i pokryty licznymi kraterami. Dzi\u0119ki dok\u0142adnemu \u015bledzeniu si\u0142y, z jak\u0105 Fobos oddzia\u0142uje na sond\u0119 Mars Express podczas ka\u017cdego przelotu, naukowcy ustalili, \u017ce ten ksi\u0119\u017cyc nie ma zbyt du\u017cej g\u0119sto\u015bci. Niemal na pewno jest to \u2018sterta gruzu\u2019 \u2013 z\u0142o\u017cona z wielu kawa\u0142k\u00f3w ska\u0142, utrzymywanych razem przez grawitacj\u0119 \u2013 a nie pojedynczy, lity obiekt.<\/p>\n<p>Badania przeprowadzone w ramach misji Mars Express sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce Fobos i Deimos mog\u0142y niegdy\u015b by\u0107 asteroidami kr\u0105\u017c\u0105cymi wok\u00f3\u0142 S\u0142o\u0144ca mi\u0119dzy Marsem a Jowiszem. Jednak nikt nie potrafi jeszcze wyja\u015bni\u0107, w jaki spos\u00f3b zosta\u0142y one przechwycone przez Marsa i znalaz\u0142y si\u0119 na \u2018normalnych\u2019 orbitach nad jego r\u00f3wnikiem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1877, the American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered two small moons circling the planet Mars. They were named Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Panic). More than 130 years later, scientists are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2008\/10\/mars_moon_phobos2\/17879181-2-eng-GB\/Mars_moon_Phobos.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Mars\u2019 moon Phobos","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/ DLR\/ FU Berlin (G. 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