{"id":978,"date":"2004-11-15T14:43:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T13:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/star_death\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:26","slug":"star_death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/star_death\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015amier\u0107 gwiazdy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 gwiazd umiera w ci\u0105gu milion\u00f3w lat. Kiedy gwiazda taka jak S\u0142o\u0144ce zu\u017cyje ca\u0142e swoje paliwo wodorowe, rozszerza si\u0119, staj\u0105c si\u0119 czerwonym olbrzymem. Jej \u015brednica mo\u017ce wynosi\u0107 miliony kilometr\u00f3w \u2013 jest to rozmiar wystarczaj\u0105cy, by poch\u0142on\u0105\u0107 planety Merkury i Wenus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Po wyrzuceniu zewn\u0119trznych warstw gwiazda zapada si\u0119, tworz\u0105c bardzo g\u0119stego bia\u0142ego kar\u0142a. Jedna \u0142y\u017ceczka materii z bia\u0142ego kar\u0142a wa\u017cy\u0142aby nawet 100 ton. W ci\u0105gu miliard\u00f3w lat bia\u0142y karze\u0142 och\u0142adza si\u0119 i staje si\u0119 niewidoczny.<\/p>\n

Gwiazdy o masie wi\u0119kszej ni\u017c o\u015bmiokrotno\u015b\u0107 masy S\u0142o\u0144ca ko\u0144cz\u0105 swoje \u017cycie bardzo nagle. Kiedy wyczerpie si\u0119 ich paliwo, puchn\u0105, przekszta\u0142caj\u0105c si\u0119 w czerwone nadolbrzymy. Pr\u00f3buj\u0105 utrzyma\u0107 si\u0119 przy \u017cyciu, spalaj\u0105c inne rodzaje paliwa, ale udaje im si\u0119 to tylko przez kilka milion\u00f3w lat. Nast\u0119pnie rozpadaj\u0105 si\u0119 w wyniku pot\u0119\u017cnej eksplozji supernowej.<\/p>\n

Przez oko\u0142o tydzie\u0144 supernowa przy\u0107miewa jasno\u015bci\u0105 wszystkie inne gwiazdy w swojej galaktyce. Nast\u0119pnie szybko blednie. Pozostaje po niej jedynie male\u0144ki, g\u0119sty obiekt \u2013 gwiazda neutronowa lub czarna dziura \u2013 otoczony rozszerzaj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 chmur\u0105 bardzo gor\u0105cego gazu.<\/p>\n

Pierwiastki powsta\u0142e w wn\u0119trzu supergiganta (takie jak tlen, w\u0119giel i \u017celazo) s\u0105 rozrzucane w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Ten gwiezdny py\u0142 ostatecznie przyczynia si\u0119 do powstania innych gwiazd i planet.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Most stars take millions of years to die. When a star like the Sun has burned all of its hydrogen fuel, it expands to become a red giant. This may […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/05\/ngc_6369_a_cosmic_ghost2\/17884213-2-eng-GB\/NGC_6369_a_cosmic_ghost.jpg","esa_banner_description":"NGC 6369, a cosmic ghost","esa_banner_credit":"NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI\/AURA)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/05\/NGC_6369_a_cosmic_ghost2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2121,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions\/2121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}