{"id":962,"date":"2006-01-20T13:09:00","date_gmt":"2006-01-20T12:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pluto\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:16","slug":"pluto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/pluto\/","title":{"rendered":"Pluton"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pluton zosta\u0142 odkryty w 1930 roku przez 24-letniego Clyde\u2019a Tombaugha, kt\u00f3ry korzysta\u0142 ze specjalnego urz\u0105dzenia do por\u00f3wnywania zdj\u0119\u0107 nieba. Okaza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017ce jest to male\u0144ki \u015bwiat, nawet mniejszy od naszego Ksi\u0119\u017cyca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pluton porusza si\u0119 po eliptycznej (w kszta\u0142cie jajka) orbicie, kt\u00f3rej promie\u0144 waha si\u0119 od 7 381 milion\u00f3w km (49 odleg\u0142o\u015bci S\u0142o\u0144ce\u2013Ziemia) do 4 446 milion\u00f3w km (30 odleg\u0142o\u015bci S\u0142o\u0144ce\u2013Ziemia). Poniewa\u017c jeden obieg wok\u00f3\u0142 S\u0142o\u0144ca trwa 248 lat, nikt urodzony na Plutonie nigdy nie obchodzi\u0142by swoich urodzin!<\/p>\n

O Plutonie wiadomo bardzo niewiele. Jego powierzchnia jest niezwykle zimna (-230 stopni C) i wydaje si\u0119 by\u0107 pokryta zamarzni\u0119tym lodem. W ostatnich latach znajdowa\u0142 si\u0119 on do\u015b\u0107 blisko S\u0142o\u0144ca i prze\u017cywa\u0142 kr\u00f3tkie lato. L\u00f3d na powierzchni wyparowa\u0142, tworz\u0105c rzadk\u0105 atmosfer\u0119. Obecnie jednak Pluton oddala si\u0119 w kierunku zimnych g\u0142\u0119bin Uk\u0142adu S\u0142onecznego, a atmosfera ta wkr\u00f3tce ponownie zamarznie.<\/p>\n

Pluton obraca si\u0119 \u201cw odwrotnym kierunku\u201d (ze wschodu na zach\u00f3d) raz na 6 dni i 9 godzin. Jego najwi\u0119kszy ksi\u0119\u017cyc, Charon, potrzebuje tyle samo czasu, by okr\u0105\u017cy\u0107 Plutona. Oznacza to, \u017ce nikt mieszkaj\u0105cy po jednej ze stron Plutona nigdy nie zobaczy Charona. Niedawno za pomoc\u0105 Kosmicznego Teleskopu Hubble\u2019a odkryto dwa mniejsze ksi\u0119\u017cyce.<\/p>\n

Przez wiele lat Pluton uznawano za dziewi\u0105t\u0105 planet\u0119 licz\u0105c od S\u0142o\u0144ca (chocia\u017c czasami zbli\u017ca si\u0119 on do S\u0142o\u0144ca bardziej ni\u017c Neptun). Obecnie uznaje si\u0119 go za \u201cplanet\u0119 kar\u0142owat\u0105\u201d. Jest on r\u00f3wnie\u017c jednym z najwi\u0119kszych cia\u0142 w Pasie Kuipera \u2013 grupie lodowych \u015bwiat\u00f3w zajmuj\u0105cych przestrze\u0144 poza orbit\u0105 Neptuna.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pluto was discovered in 1930 by 24 year-old Clyde Tombaugh, who was using a special machine to compare photos of the sky. It turned out to be a tiny world, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/pluto2\/17879328-2-eng-GB\/Pluto.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/Pluto2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2105,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/962\/revisions\/2105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}