{"id":956,"date":"2004-11-19T09:37:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/international_flights\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:12","slug":"international_flights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/international_flights\/","title":{"rendered":"Loty mi\u0119dzynarodowe"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Zaanga\u017cowanie Europy w program lot\u00f3w kosmicznych z udzia\u0142em ludzi rozpocz\u0119\u0142o si\u0119 w 1969 roku. Po tym, jak Neil Armstrong i Buzz Aldrin stali si\u0119 pierwszymi lud\u017ami, kt\u00f3rzy postawili stop\u0119 na Ksi\u0119\u017cycu, NASA zacz\u0119\u0142a rozwa\u017ca\u0107 budow\u0119 promu kosmicznego wielokrotnego u\u017cytku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Kraje europejskie postanowi\u0142y stworzy\u0107 laboratorium naukowe o nazwie Spacelab, kt\u00f3re zmie\u015bci\u0142oby si\u0119 w \u0142adowni promu kosmicznego. W zamian za to uzyskano zgod\u0119 na wysy\u0142anie astronaut\u00f3w w misjach promu kosmicznego.<\/p>\n

Od czasu lotu Ulfa Merbolda na pok\u0142adzie Spacelab-1 w 1983 roku europejscy astronauci odbyli 30 lot\u00f3w ameryka\u0144skim promem kosmicznym. Wiele z ich wczesnych lot\u00f3w wykorzystywa\u0142o modu\u0142 Spacelab nale\u017c\u0105cy do ESA do przeprowadzania eksperyment\u00f3w w warunkach mikrograwitacji. Inni brali udzia\u0142 w misjach maj\u0105cych na celu konserwacj\u0119 teleskopu kosmicznego Hubble\u2019a (wsp\u00f3lnego projektu NASA i ESA) lub realizacj\u0119 wyj\u0105tkowych dzia\u0142a\u0144 naukowych.<\/p>\n

\"Mir\"
Mir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

W ramach 21 lot\u00f3w europejscy astronauci podr\u00f3\u017cowali na pok\u0142adach radzieckich lub rosyjskich statk\u00f3w kosmicznych. Wizyty na stacjach kosmicznych \u201eSaliut\u201d i \u201eMir\u201d (1978\u20131999) dostarczy\u0142y cennych do\u015bwiadcze\u0144 dotycz\u0105cych \u017cycia w kosmosie przez d\u0142ugi czas. Thomas Reiter sp\u0119dzi\u0142 na stacji \u201eMir\u201d prawie sze\u015b\u0107 miesi\u0119cy, staj\u0105c si\u0119 pierwszym astronaut\u0105 ESA, kt\u00f3ry wzi\u0105\u0142 udzia\u0142 w wyj\u015bciu w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105.<\/p>\n

W ostatnich latach astronauci z ESA regularnie odwiedzali Mi\u0119dzynarodow\u0105 Stacj\u0119 Kosmiczn\u0105 (ISS). Na stacji odby\u0142y si\u0119 dwie d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142e misje z udzia\u0142em europejskich astronaut\u00f3w. W 2008 roku Francuz L\u00e9opold Eyharts sp\u0119dzi\u0142 w kosmosie prawie 49 dni w ramach misji maj\u0105cej na celu dokowanie i uruchomienie laboratorium ESA \u201eColumbus\u201d. W 2009 roku Belg Frank De Winne sp\u0119dzi\u0142 na stacji 6 miesi\u0119cy i zosta\u0142 pierwszym astronaut\u0105 ESA, kt\u00f3ry pe\u0142ni\u0142 funkcj\u0119 dow\u00f3dcy ISS.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Europe’s involvement in human spaceflight began in 1969. After Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon, NASA began to think about building a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/07\/neil_armstrong_on_the_moon2\/17891390-2-eng-GB\/Neil_Armstrong_on_the_Moon.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Neil Armstrong on the Moon","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/07\/Neil_Armstrong_on_the_Moon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[28,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronauts","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=956"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4755,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions\/4755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}