{"id":937,"date":"2004-12-03T10:18:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/earthquakes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:59","slug":"earthquakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/earthquakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Trz\u0119sienia ziemi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Trz\u0119sienia ziemi s\u0105 najgro\u017aniejszymi ze wszystkich kl\u0119sk \u017cywio\u0142owych. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 ofiar \u015bmiertelnych to skutek zawalenia si\u0119 budynk\u00f3w lub po\u017car\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ka\u017cdego roku na \u015bwiecie dochodzi do kilku milion\u00f3w trz\u0119sie\u0144 ziemi. Wiele z nich pozostaje jednak niewykrytych, poniewa\u017c maj\u0105 miejsce na odleg\u0142ych obszarach lub s\u0105 bardzo s\u0142abe. \u015arednio ka\u017cdego roku dochodzi do 18 powa\u017cnych trz\u0119sie\u0144 ziemi i jednego wielkiego trz\u0119sienia ziemi.<\/p>\n

Ostatnie powa\u017cne trz\u0119sienie ziemi mia\u0142o miejsce na wyspie Haiti w Indiach Zachodnich. Rz\u0105d Haiti poda\u0142, \u017ce zgin\u0119\u0142o 230 000 os\u00f3b, 300 000 zosta\u0142o rannych, a milion straci\u0142o dach nad g\u0142ow\u0105.<\/p>\n

Trz\u0119sienia ziemi najcz\u0119\u015bciej wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w pobli\u017cu du\u017cych p\u0119kni\u0119\u0107 w skorupie ziemskiej, zwanych \u201cuszkodzeniami\u201d. Cz\u0119sto zdarzaj\u0105 si\u0119 one w po\u0142udniowej Europie, gdzie dwie du\u017ce p\u0142yty skorupy ziemskiej zbli\u017caj\u0105 si\u0119 do siebie.<\/p>\n

\"Satellite
Zdj\u0119cie satelitarne trz\u0119sienia ziemi w Turcji z 1999 roku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Urz\u0105dzenia radarowe zainstalowane na satelitach ERS-2 i Envisat nale\u017c\u0105cych do ESA pozwalaj\u0105 ustali\u0107, czy powierzchnia si\u0119 porusza. Potrafi\u0105 one mierzy\u0107 ten ruch z dok\u0142adno\u015bci\u0105 do kilku milimetr\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Radar mo\u017ce by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykorzystywany do sporz\u0105dzania map i oceny zniszcze\u0144 budynk\u00f3w, zar\u00f3wno w dzie\u0144, jak i w nocy. Stanowi to ogromn\u0105 pomoc dla ekip ratowniczych i porz\u0105dkowych.<\/p>\n

Nadal nie ma dok\u0142adnego sposobu przewidywania trz\u0119sie\u0144 ziemi. Jednak satelity ESA dostarczaj\u0105 precyzyjnych informacji, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 pom\u00f3c naukowcom w ich pracy. Dane gromadzone przez wiele lat pomagaj\u0105 przewidywa\u0107 przysz\u0142e trz\u0119sienia ziemi i odkrywa\u0107 ukryte uskoki.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Earthquakes are the deadliest of all natural disasters. Most deaths are caused by collapsing buildings or fires. Several million earthquakes occur in the world each year. However, many of these […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/02\/bam_earthquake2\/17900457-2-eng-GB\/Bam_earthquake.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Bam earthquake","esa_banner_credit":"AP Photo \/Kamran Jebreili","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/02\/Bam_earthquake2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=937"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4747,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937\/revisions\/4747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}