{"id":933,"date":"2004-12-03T10:14:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/volcanoes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:56","slug":"volcanoes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Wulkany"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Na \u015bwiecie istnieje oko\u0142o 1 500 aktywnych wulkan\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych co roku wybucha oko\u0142o 50. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z nich znajduje si\u0119 wok\u00f3\u0142 Oceanu Spokojnego \u2013 w pasie znanym jako \u201cPier\u015bcie\u0144 Ognia\u201d Pacyfiku. Europa ma swoje w\u0142asne wulkany, takie jak Etna i Wezuwiusz, kt\u00f3re wielokrotnie wybucha\u0142y w przesz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Co najmniej 500 milion\u00f3w ludzi mieszka w pobli\u017cu aktywnego wulkanu. W razie erupcji okoliczne tereny mog\u0105 zosta\u0107 pokryte popio\u0142em i roz\u017carzon\u0105 law\u0105.<\/p>\n

Pola i budynki mog\u0105 zosta\u0107 zasypane. Toksyczne gazy, chmury \u017carz\u0105cego si\u0119 popio\u0142u lub lawiny b\u0142otne mog\u0105 zabi\u0107 wszystkich, kt\u00f3rzy znajd\u0105 si\u0119 na ich drodze. Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie satelity pomagaj\u0105 obecnie w identyfikacji najbardziej niebezpiecznych wulkan\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

\"Sicily's
Etna na Sycylii na pocz\u0105tku listopada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Satelity Envisat i ERS-2 nale\u017c\u0105ce do ESA badaj\u0105 wulkany na wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych sposob\u00f3w. Kamery rejestruj\u0105 strumienie lawy i chmury popio\u0142u. Urz\u0105dzenia na podczerwie\u0144 wykrywaj\u0105 gor\u0105c\u0105 law\u0119, kt\u00f3ra wydostaje si\u0119 na powierzchni\u0119.<\/p>\n

Radar pozwala obserwowa\u0107 \u201coddychanie\u201d wulkanu w miar\u0119 przemieszczania si\u0119 w jego wn\u0119trzu stopionej magmy. Nawet niewielkie wybrzuszenie powierzchni, rz\u0119du zaledwie kilku milimetr\u00f3w, mo\u017ce wskazywa\u0107 na narastanie ci\u015bnienia przed erupcj\u0105. Inne czujniki identyfikuj\u0105 gazy i cz\u0105steczki uwalniane do atmosfery.<\/p>\n

Dane te ratuj\u0105 \u017cycie i pomagaj\u0105 przewidzie\u0107, kiedy nast\u0105pi kolejna erupcja. Mapy satelitarne zniszczonych obszar\u00f3w u\u0142atwiaj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c akcje ratownicze i odbudow\u0119.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are about 1,500 active volcanoes, with 50 or so erupting each year. Most of these volcanoes are found around the Pacific Ocean \u2013 a belt known as the Pacific […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/12\/etna_-_real_image_1_-_december_20022\/17864232-3-eng-GB\/Etna_-_real_image_1_-_december_2002.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Mount Etna","esa_banner_credit":"Courtesy of P.Chastanet","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/12\/Etna_-_real_image_1_-_december_20022","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=933"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4745,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions\/4745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}