{"id":911,"date":"2011-01-26T15:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-26T14:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_exploration\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:40","slug":"space_exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/space_exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Eksploracja kosmosu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Od wiek\u00f3w ludzie marzyli o opuszczeniu Ziemi i podr\u00f3\u017cy do innych \u015bwiat\u00f3w. W 1957 roku Zwi\u0105zek Radziecki zrobi\u0142 pierwszy ma\u0142y krok w kosmos, wystrzeliwuj\u0105c niewielkiego satelit\u0119 o nazwie Sputnik. Rozpocz\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 era kosmiczna.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

W pocz\u0105tkowym okresie dzia\u0142alno\u015bci kosmicznej dominowa\u0142y Stany Zjednoczone i Zwi\u0105zek Radziecki. Jednak z biegiem czasu Europa i Japonia r\u00f3wnie\u017c nauczy\u0142y si\u0119 budowa\u0107 w\u0142asne satelity i rakiety. Obecnie kraje takie jak Chiny, Indie, Korea Po\u0142udniowa, Izrael i Brazylia rozwijaj\u0105 w\u0142asny przemys\u0142 kosmiczny.<\/p>\n

W ci\u0105gu ostatnich 60 lat wys\u0142ano bezza\u0142ogowe sondy w kierunku wszystkich planet Uk\u0142adu S\u0142onecznego, a tak\u017ce wielu satelit\u00f3w, asteroid i komet. Statki kosmiczne wyl\u0105dowa\u0142y \u0142agodnie na sze\u015bciu cia\u0142ach niebieskich, a \u0142aziki przemierza\u0142y powierzchnie Ksi\u0119\u017cyca i Marsa. R\u00f3wnie\u017c S\u0142o\u0144ce zosta\u0142o bardzo szczeg\u00f3\u0142owo zbadane przez flot\u0119 statk\u00f3w kosmicznych.<\/p>\n

W celu badania odleg\u0142ego Wszech\u015bwiata wystrzelono wiele obserwatori\u00f3w kosmicznych, takich jak Kosmiczny Teleskop Hubble\u2019a. Przes\u0142a\u0142y one niesamowite zdj\u0119cia wykonane w \u015bwietle widzialnym. Mog\u0105 one jednak r\u00f3wnie\u017c obserwowa\u0107 gwiazdy i galaktyki w d\u0142ugo\u015bciach fal niewidocznych dla ludzkiego oka \u2013 w pa\u015bmie radiowym, podczerwonym, ultrafioletowym, promieniowaniu rentgenowskim i promieniowaniu gamma. Lawina odkry\u0107 zmieni\u0142a spos\u00f3b, w jaki postrzegamy Wszech\u015bwiat.<\/p>\n

Od czasu, gdy Jurij Gagarin w 1961 roku przetar\u0142 szlak, w kosmosie polecia\u0142o ponad 500 os\u00f3b. 20 os\u00f3b dotar\u0142o na Ksi\u0119\u017cyc, a 12 z nich spacerowa\u0142o po jego powierzchni. Zbudowano stacje kosmiczne, a astronauci nauczyli si\u0119 \u017cy\u0107 i pracowa\u0107 w kosmosie przez wiele miesi\u0119cy, a nawet lat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For centuries, people dreamed about leaving Earth and travelling to other worlds. Then, in 1957, the Soviet Union made the first small step into space by launching a small satellite, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/exomars_rover3\/17887062-2-eng-GB\/ExoMars_rover.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/ExoMars_rover3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=911"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2054,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911\/revisions\/2054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}