{"id":909,"date":"2004-11-19T08:41:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T07:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_astronauts\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:38","slug":"esa_astronauts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/esa_astronauts\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronauci ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Od ponad 30 lat Europejczycy podziwiaj\u0105 cuda podr\u00f3\u017cy kosmicznych. Pierwszymi pionierami byli W\u0142adimir Remek (Czechos\u0142owacja), Miros\u0142aw Hermaszewski (Polska) i Sigmund J\u00e4hn (NRD). Wszyscy oni odbyli tygodniowe pobyty na radzieckiej stacji kosmicznej \u201eSaliut 6\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Od 1978 roku odby\u0142o si\u0119 52 misje, w kt\u00f3rych wzi\u0119\u0142o udzia\u0142 33 astronaut\u00f3w z pa\u0144stw cz\u0142onkowskich ESA. Pierwszymi trzema wybranymi astronautami ESA byli Ulf Merbold (Niemcy), Wubbo Ockels (Holandia) i Claude Nicollier (Szwajcaria).<\/p>\n

Merbold jako pierwszy polecia\u0142 w kosmos w 1983 roku. Wzi\u0105\u0142 udzia\u0142 w misji promu kosmicznego STS-9, podczas kt\u00f3rej po raz pierwszy wystrzelono modu\u0142 Spacelab nale\u017c\u0105cy do ESA. Ockels polecia\u0142 promem dwa lata p\u00f3\u017aniej. Claude Nicollier musia\u0142 czeka\u0107 14 lat na sw\u00f3j pierwszy lot (STS-46 w 1992 r.), ale ostatecznie odby\u0142 cztery loty w kosmos \u2013 wi\u0119cej ni\u017c jakikolwiek inny astronauta ESA.<\/p>\n

Korpus astronaut\u00f3w ESA powsta\u0142 w 1998 roku. Obecnie w jego sk\u0142ad wchodzi 14 astronaut\u00f3w ESA \u2013 czterech z W\u0142och, trzech z Francji, dw\u00f3ch z Niemiec, jeden ze Szwecji, jeden z Belgii, jeden z Holandii, jeden z Danii i jeden z Wielkiej Brytanii. Sze\u015bciu z nich zosta\u0142o wybranych w 2009 roku.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For more than 30 years, Europeans have been enjoying the wonders of space travel. The early pioneers were Vladimir Remek (Czechoslovakia), Miroslav Hermaszewski (Poland) and Sigmund J\u00e4hn (East Germany). They […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/10\/the_european_astronaut_corps2\/17902086-2-eng-GB\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The European Astronaut Corps","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - J-L. Atteleyn","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/10\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[28,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronauts","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=909"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2052,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions\/2052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}