{"id":887,"date":"2007-03-16T12:23:00","date_gmt":"2007-03-16T11:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/radar_s_icy_echoes_on_mars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:23","slug":"radar_s_icy_echoes_on_mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/radar_s_icy_echoes_on_mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Lodowe echa radaru na Marsie"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Mars jest cz\u0119sto postrzegany jako suchy \u015bwiat pokryty pustyniami. Jednak podobnie jak Ziemia, Czerwona Planeta posiada dwie du\u017ce czapy lodowe na biegunach p\u00f3\u0142nocnym i po\u0142udniowym. Je\u015bli ludzie maj\u0105 kiedy\u015b zamieszka\u0107 na Marsie, wa\u017cne jest, aby wiedzie\u0107, ile zamro\u017conej wody znajduje si\u0119 w tych pokrywach lodowych. W\u0142a\u015bnie to odkrywa instrument MARSIS zainstalowany na orbiterze Mars Express nale\u017c\u0105cym do ESA.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Aby zmierzy\u0107 grubo\u015b\u0107 po\u0142udniowej pokrywy lodowej, radar wysy\u0142a niewidzialne sygna\u0142y w kierunku powierzchni i rejestruje odbicia. W ten spos\u00f3b radar jest w stanie \u2018widzie\u0107\u2019 przez poszczeg\u00f3lne warstwy a\u017c do dna pokrywy lodowej. Wykonano ponad 300 takich \u2018przekroj\u00f3w\u2019 przez osady lodu i py\u0142u pokrywaj\u0105ce biegun.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2369\" data-credit=\"NASA\/JPL\/ASI\/ESA\/Univ. of Rome\/MOLA Science Team\/USGS\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/03\/Thickness_of_Mars_South_Polar_Layered_Deposits2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/03\/thickness_of_mars_south_polar_layered_deposits2\/17892316-2-eng-GB\/Thickness_of_Mars_South_Polar_Layered_Deposits.jpg\" alt=\"Thickness of Mars&#x27; South Polar Layered Deposits\"><figcaption>Grubo\u015b\u0107 warstwowych osad\u00f3w na po\u0142udniowym biegunie Marsa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Obecnie wiemy, \u017ce po\u0142udniowa pokrywa lodowa ma grubo\u015b\u0107 si\u0119gaj\u0105c\u0105 3,7 km. Gdyby ca\u0142y l\u00f3d stopnia\u0142, ca\u0142a planeta zosta\u0142aby pokryta oceanem o g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci oko\u0142o 11 metr\u00f3w. Pomimo ci\u0119\u017caru tej ogromnej pokrywy lodowej ska\u0142a znajduj\u0105ca si\u0119 pod lodem nie uleg\u0142a wci\u015bni\u0119ciu w d\u00f3\u0142 \u2013 co \u015bwiadczy o tym, \u017ce jest ona sztywniejsza ni\u017c skorupa ziemska.<\/p>\n<p>Trwaj\u0105ce badania radarowe p\u00f3\u0142nocnej czapy polarnej wykaza\u0142y, \u017ce jej grubo\u015b\u0107 wynosi oko\u0142o 1,8 km. Cienkie warstwy lodu wodnego i py\u0142u na obu biegunach wydaj\u0105 si\u0119 by\u0107 wynikiem sezonowych i d\u0142ugoterminowych zmian klimatu. Chocia\u017c czapy polarne zawieraj\u0105 wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 znanych zasob\u00f3w wody na wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnym Marsie, inne miejsca na tej planecie mog\u0142y by\u0107 w odleg\u0142ej przesz\u0142o\u015bci wystarczaj\u0105co wilgotne, by umo\u017cliwi\u0107 istnienie \u017cycia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mars is often regarded as an arid world covered by deserts. However, like Earth, the Red Planet has two large ice caps at its north and south poles. If people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/03\/bright_lower_echo_from_mars_south-polar_layered_deposits2\/17901975-2-eng-GB\/Bright_lower_echo_from_Mars_south-polar_layered_deposits.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Bright lower echo from Mars\u2019 south-polar layered deposits","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/JPL\/ASI\/ESA\/Univ. of Rome\/MOLA Science Team","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/03\/Bright_lower_echo_from_Mars_south-polar_layered_deposits2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/887","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=887"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/887\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4723,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/887\/revisions\/4723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=887"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}