{"id":881,"date":"2006-09-07T12:06:00","date_gmt":"2006-09-07T10:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/supernovas\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:19","slug":"supernovas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/supernovas\/","title":{"rendered":"Supernowe"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Od czasu do czasu nasza galaktyka, Droga Mleczna, rozja\u015bnia si\u0119 w wyniku pot\u0119\u017cnej eksplozji. To gwa\u0142towne zjawisko, znane jako supernowa, oznacza \u015bmier\u0107 supergiganta \u2013 gwiazdy o ogromnej masie, wielokrotnie wi\u0119kszej od S\u0142o\u0144ca. Jedna z ostatnich supernowych w Drodze Mlecznej mia\u0142a miejsce oko\u0142o 340 lat temu w gwiazdozbiorze Kasjopei, dlatego znana jest jako Kasjopeja A (Cas A).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Cas A znajduje si\u0119 dziesi\u0119\u0107 tysi\u0119cy lat \u015bwietlnych od Ziemi. Obserwatoria, takie jak Kosmiczny Teleskop Hubble\u2019a nale\u017c\u0105cy do NASA i ESA, przeprowadzi\u0142y szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe badania pozosta\u0142o\u015bci chmury \u015bwiec\u0105cego gazu i py\u0142u.<\/p>\n

\"Zooming
Powi\u0119kszenie obrazu Cassiopeia A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Zdj\u0119cia przedstawiaj\u0105 rozdrobniony pier\u015bcie\u0144 materii, kt\u00f3ry szybko oddala si\u0119 od miejsca wybuchu. Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 tej materii porusza si\u0119 z pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105 oko\u0142o 50 milion\u00f3w km na godzin\u0119 (wystarczaj\u0105co szybko, by pokona\u0107 odleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107 od Ziemi do Ksi\u0119\u017cyca w 30 sekund!). Ogromne wiry gruzu \u015bwiec\u0105, poniewa\u017c zosta\u0142y rozgrzane przez fal\u0119 uderzeniow\u0105 pochodz\u0105c\u0105 z supernowej, kt\u00f3ra w\u0142a\u015bnie t\u0119dy przechodzi\u0142a.<\/p>\n

Istnieje kilka rodzaj\u00f3w wybuch\u00f3w supernowych. Cas A wybuch\u0142a, gdy ma\u0142a gwiazda, znana jako bia\u0142y karze\u0142, przyci\u0105gn\u0119\u0142a du\u017c\u0105 ilo\u015b\u0107 materii z pobliskiej gwiazdy. W miar\u0119 gromadzenia si\u0119 gazu bia\u0142y karze\u0142 sta\u0142 si\u0119 tak gor\u0105cy i aktywny, \u017ce dosz\u0142o do wybuchu. Inne supernowe powstaj\u0105, gdy masywne gwiazdy wyczerpuj\u0105 zapasy paliwa j\u0105drowego w swoich j\u0105drach. Nie mog\u0105c ju\u017c wytwarza\u0107 energii, j\u0105dro zapada si\u0119, niszcz\u0105c gwiazd\u0119.<\/p>\n

Supernowe odgrywaj\u0105 wa\u017cn\u0105 rol\u0119, poniewa\u017c rozprzestrzeniaj\u0105 materi\u0119 gwiazdow\u0105 po ca\u0142ej galaktyce. Niemal wszystko na Ziemi (w tym my sami!) sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z pierwiastk\u00f3w (takich jak w\u0119giel i \u017celazo), kt\u00f3re pochodz\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bnie z tego gwiezdnego py\u0142u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Every now and again our Milky Way galaxy is lit up by a huge explosion. Known as a supernova, this violent event marks the death of a supergiant \u2013 a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/08\/hubble_s_view_of_supernova_explosion_cassiopeia_a2\/18245292-2-eng-GB\/Hubble_s_view_of_supernova_explosion_Cassiopeia_A.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Hubble\u2019s view of supernova explosion Cassiopeia A","esa_banner_credit":"NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI\/AURA)-ESA\/Hubble Collaboration","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/08\/Hubble_s_view_of_supernova_explosion_Cassiopeia_A2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=881"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4717,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/881\/revisions\/4717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}