{"id":863,"date":"2011-07-05T08:58:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/eating_in_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:07","slug":"eating_in_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/eating_in_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Jedzenie w kosmosie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Astronauci znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 daleko od sklep\u00f3w, wi\u0119c musz\u0105 polega\u0107 na regularnych dostawach \u017cywno\u015bci. Co kilka miesi\u0119cy przybywa zautomatyzowany statek kosmiczny, taki jak Automated Transfer Vehicle agencji ESA lub rosyjski \u201eProgress\u201d, za\u0142adowany \u015bwie\u017cymi owocami, wod\u0105 i gotowymi posi\u0142kami.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jedzenie w kosmosie znacznie si\u0119 poprawi\u0142o od czas\u00f3w zimnej pasty w aluminiowych tubkach i przek\u0105sek w kszta\u0142cie kostek. Obecnie \u017cywno\u015b\u0107 kosmiczna przypomina t\u0119, kt\u00f3r\u0105 spo\u017cywamy na co dzie\u0144 na Ziemi. Obejmuje ona mro\u017cone warzywa i desery, produkty ch\u0142odzone, owoce oraz nabia\u0142. Obecnie menu na Mi\u0119dzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej zawiera ponad 100 pozycji. Astronauci wybieraj\u0105 swoje codzienne menu na d\u0142ugo przed wyruszeniem w kosmos. Codziennie serwowane s\u0105 trzy posi\u0142ki oraz przek\u0105ski, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna spo\u017cywa\u0107 o dowolnej porze. Zapewnione s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c przyprawy, takie jak keczup, musztarda i majonez. Dost\u0119pna jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c s\u00f3l i pieprz, ale wy\u0142\u0105cznie w postaci p\u0142ynnej.<\/p>\n

\u017bywno\u015b\u0107 kosmiczna mo\u017ce by\u0107 pakowana w puszki lub owijana foli\u0105 aluminiow\u0105. Mo\u017ce by\u0107 liofilizowana, o niskiej zawarto\u015bci wilgoci, wst\u0119pnie ugotowana lub odwodniona (po usuni\u0119ciu wody). Je\u015bli \u017cywno\u015b\u0107 jest odwodniona, nie mo\u017cna jej spo\u017cy\u0107, dop\u00f3ki astronauci nie dodadz\u0105 do niej gor\u0105cej wody. Do podgrzewania posi\u0142k\u00f3w do odpowiedniej temperatury s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 piekarniki. Wiele napoj\u00f3w wyst\u0119puje r\u00f3wnie\u017c w postaci odwodnionej. Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 wody jest pozyskiwana w stacji w procesie recyklingu, ale dodatkowe zapasy musz\u0105 by\u0107 dostarczane podczas misji zaopatrzeniowych. Asortyment napoj\u00f3w obejmuje kaw\u0119, herbat\u0119 i sok pomara\u0144czowy, a tak\u017ce poncze owocowe i lemoniad\u0119.<\/p>\n

Zapewnienie sobie odpowiedniej ilo\u015bci kalorii, witamin i minera\u0142\u00f3w jest dla astronaut\u00f3w r\u00f3wnie wa\u017cne, jak dla ludzi \u017cyj\u0105cych na Ziemi. Musz\u0105 spo\u017cywa\u0107 co najmniej 2000 kalorii dziennie. Podczas misji cz\u0142onkowie za\u0142ogi wype\u0142niaj\u0105 komputerowy kwestionariusz, w kt\u00f3rym podaj\u0105, jakie posi\u0142ki spo\u017cyli. Eksperci na Ziemi udzielaj\u0105 im porad, je\u015bli konieczne jest poprawienie ich diety.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astronauts are far from the shops, so they have to rely on regular deliveries of food. Every few months an automated spacecraft, such as ESA\u2019s Automated Transfer Vehicle or the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/06\/expedition_20_crewmembers_share_a_meal_in_the_unity_module2\/18246402-2-eng-GB\/Expedition_20_crewmembers_share_a_meal_in_the_Unity_module.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/06\/Expedition_20_crewmembers_share_a_meal_in_the_Unity_module2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,63],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-living-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2006,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863\/revisions\/2006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}