{"id":852,"date":"2004-12-03T10:51:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/satellite_navigation\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:00","slug":"satellite_navigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/satellite_navigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Nawigacja satelitarna"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Dawno temu ludzie p\u0142ywaj\u0105cy po morzu orientowali si\u0119 w przestrzeni, obserwuj\u0105c po\u0142o\u017cenie S\u0142o\u0144ca, Ksi\u0119\u017cyca i gwiazd. Nast\u0119pnie, oko\u0142o 1300 roku, pojawienie si\u0119 kompasu nieco u\u0142atwi\u0142o \u017cycie tym nawigatorom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Dzi\u015b dzi\u0119ki technologii kosmicznej nikt ju\u017c nie mo\u017ce si\u0119 zgubi\u0107. Ka\u017cda osoba, samoch\u00f3d, statek lub samolot wyposa\u017cony w system nawigacji satelitarnej mo\u017ce okre\u015bli\u0107 swoj\u0105 pozycj\u0119 z dok\u0142adno\u015bci\u0105 do 15\u201320 metr\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Nawigacja satelitarna opiera si\u0119 na wykorzystaniu odbiornika, kt\u00f3ry oblicza swoj\u0105 pozycj\u0119 na podstawie sygna\u0142\u00f3w wysy\u0142anych przez co najmniej cztery satelity.<\/p>\n

\"GPS\"
GPS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

System, z kt\u00f3rego obecnie korzystamy na co dzie\u0144, zosta\u0142 pierwotnie opracowany do cel\u00f3w wojskowych. W latach 1960\u20131968 ameryka\u0144skie si\u0142y zbrojne wystrzeli\u0142y 23 satelity nawigacyjne, aby u\u0142atwi\u0107 nawigacj\u0119 okr\u0119tom podwodnym typu \u201ePolaris\u201d.<\/p>\n

Z czasem przekszta\u0142ci\u0142y si\u0119 one w system GPS (Global Positioning System). Podobny system, zwany GLONASS, zosta\u0142 wprowadzony przez rosyjskie si\u0142y zbrojne. Oba systemy s\u0105 obecnie dost\u0119pne zar\u00f3wno do u\u017cytku cywilnego, jak i wojskowego. W\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego Europa chcia\u0142a mie\u0107 sw\u00f3j w\u0142asny, niezawodny system.<\/p>\n

Europa wprowadzi\u0142a obecnie system o nazwie EGNOS, kt\u00f3ry zwi\u0119ksza dok\u0142adno\u015b\u0107 systemu GPS. ESA i Wsp\u00f3lnota Europejska wsp\u00f3lnie opracowuj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c w\u0142asny europejski cywilny (niewojskowy) system nawigacyjny. System ten, nazwany Galileo, b\u0119dzie pierwszym ca\u0142kowicie cywilnym systemem nawigacji globalnej.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Long ago, people who sailed the sea found their way by studying the positions of the Sun, Moon and stars. Then, around 1300, the introduction of the compass made life […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/01\/galileo2\/17866193-3-eng-GB\/Galileo.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/01\/Galileo2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=852"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4707,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852\/revisions\/4707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}