{"id":849,"date":"2010-02-25T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-25T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/mars_express_and_the_mystery_of_phobos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:58","slug":"mars_express_and_the_mystery_of_phobos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/mars_express_and_the_mystery_of_phobos\/","title":{"rendered":"Mars Express i tajemnica Fobosa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sonda kosmiczna \u201eMars Express\u201d nale\u017c\u0105ca do ESA przesy\u0142a niezwyk\u0142e zdj\u0119cia i inne dane od momentu dotarcia do Czerwonej Planety w grudniu 2003 roku. Chocia\u017c Mars jest jej g\u0142\u00f3wnym celem, polarna orbita sondy czasami prowadzi j\u0105 w pobli\u017ce Fobosa, wi\u0119kszego z dw\u00f3ch ksi\u0119\u017cyc\u00f3w tej planety. Podczas ostatniej serii przelot\u00f3w, trwaj\u0105cej od 16 lutego do 26 marca, sonda Mars Express ustanowi nowy rekord, przelatuj\u0105c 3 marca w odleg\u0142o\u015bci zaledwie 50 km od powierzchni Fobosa. Dane zebrane podczas tych bliskich przelot\u00f3w mog\u0105 pom\u00f3c w rozwik\u0142aniu niekt\u00f3rych tajemnic zwi\u0105zanych z tym intryguj\u0105cym ma\u0142ym ksi\u0119\u017cycem.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2541\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/01\/Mars_Express2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/01\/mars_express2\/17902345-2-eng-GB\/Mars_Express.jpg\" alt=\"Mars Express\"><figcaption>Mars Express<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Zdj\u0119cia przes\u0142ane przez sond\u0119 \u201eMars Express\u201d i inne statki kosmiczne pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce Fobos to poobijana ska\u0142a w kszta\u0142cie ziemniaka o \u015brednicy mniejszej ni\u017c 28 km. Porusza si\u0119 po niemal okr\u0105g\u0142ej, r\u00f3wnikowej orbicie, oko\u0142o 6000 km nad powierzchni\u0105 planety. Aby unikn\u0105\u0107 zderzenia z Marsem, musi porusza\u0107 si\u0119 po swojej orbicie z bardzo du\u017c\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105. Ka\u017cdy obieg trwa 7 godzin i 39 minut, wi\u0119c osoba stoj\u0105ca na powierzchni planety widzia\u0142aby, jak Fobos przecina niebo z zachodu na wsch\u00f3d trzy razy dziennie.<\/p>\n<p>Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 naukowc\u00f3w uwa\u017ca, \u017ce ta niewielka ska\u0142a kosmiczna to asteroida, kt\u00f3ra zbli\u017cy\u0142a si\u0119 zbytnio do Marsa i zosta\u0142a przyci\u0105gni\u0119ta przez jego grawitacj\u0119. Bardzo trudno jest jednak wyja\u015bni\u0107, w jaki spos\u00f3b Fobos znalaz\u0142 si\u0119 na swojej obecnej orbicie. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 ksi\u0119\u017cyc\u00f3w przechwyconych przez planety porusza si\u0119 po bardzo eliptycznych (jajowatych) orbitach, daleko od swojej planety. Sonda \u201eMars Express\u201d mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c w rozwi\u0105zaniu tej zagadki. Badaj\u0105c spos\u00f3b, w jaki grawitacja Fobosa oddzia\u0142uje na sond\u0119 i zmienia jej orbit\u0119, naukowcy dowiedz\u0105 si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o wn\u0119trzu tego ksi\u0119\u017cyca. Dotychczasowe dane sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce Fobos mo\u017ce by\u0107 porowat\u0105 bry\u0142\u0105 skaln\u0105, zawieraj\u0105c\u0105 wiele pustych przestrzeni.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ESA\u2019s Mars Express orbiter has been sending back remarkable images and other data since it reached the Red Planet in December 2003. Although Mars is its primary target, the spacecraft\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/12\/phobos_up_close2\/17873150-2-eng-GB\/Phobos_up_close.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Phobos up close","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin (G. 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