{"id":840,"date":"2004-12-02T15:23:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/liftoff_from_south_america\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:52","slug":"liftoff_from_south_america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/liftoff_from_south_america\/","title":{"rendered":"Start z Ameryki Po\u0142udniowej"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Przez ostatnie 30 lat wszystkie europejskie rakiety by\u0142y wystrzeliwane z Kourou w Ameryce Po\u0142udniowej. Dlaczego Europa wybra\u0142a kosmodrom po\u0142o\u017cony na drugim ko\u0144cu \u015bwiata?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Poszukiwania nowej lokalizacji rozpocz\u0119\u0142y si\u0119 w latach 60., kiedy Francja musia\u0142a zrezygnowa\u0107 ze swojej bazy startowej na algierskiej pustyni.<\/p>\n<p>Francuska Agencja Kosmiczna ostatecznie wybra\u0142a nadmorsk\u0105 lokalizacj\u0119 na skraju d\u017cungli w Gujanie Francuskiej. Nowa lokalizacja znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 w pobli\u017cu wioski rybackiej o nazwie Kourou oraz niedaleko dawnej osady wi\u0119ziennej na Wyspie Diab\u0142a.<\/p>\n<p>Kourou znajdowa\u0142o si\u0119 tysi\u0105ce kilometr\u00f3w od Europy i wszystko trzeba by\u0142o budowa\u0107 od podstaw. Mia\u0142o jednak kilka kluczowych zalet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>starty odbywa\u0142yby si\u0119 z dala od du\u017cych obszar\u00f3w zabudowanych<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>rakiety mo\u017cna by bezpiecznie wystrzeliwa\u0107 nad otwartym morzem na wschodzie i na p\u00f3\u0142nocy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>zu\u017cyte stopnie rakietowe spad\u0142yby bez szkody do oceanu<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Satelity mo\u017cna by z \u0142atwo\u015bci\u0105 umie\u015bci\u0107 zar\u00f3wno na orbitach polarnych, jak i r\u00f3wnikowych.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Europejski port kosmiczny znajduje si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c bardzo blisko r\u00f3wnika. Korzysta on z efektu procy, spowodowanego szybkim obrotem Ziemi w okolicy r\u00f3wnika. Dzi\u0119ki temu ka\u017cda rakieta wystrzelona w tej okolicy zyskuje dodatkowe przyspieszenie o pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 1650 km\/h w kierunku wschodnim. Zmniejsza to ilo\u015b\u0107 paliwa, jak\u0105 musz\u0105 zabra\u0107 na pok\u0142ad, i pozwala im wynie\u015b\u0107 ci\u0119\u017csze satelity.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the last 30 years, all of Europe\u2019s rockets have been launched from Kourou in South America. Why did Europe choose a spaceport on the other side of the world? 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