{"id":838,"date":"2004-12-02T15:43:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/spaceplanes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:50","slug":"spaceplanes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/spaceplanes\/","title":{"rendered":"Samoloty kosmiczne"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Istnieje wiele sposob\u00f3w wystrzeliwania i pilotowania statk\u00f3w kosmicznych wielokrotnego u\u017cytku.<\/p>\n

Prom kosmiczny wykorzystuje w\u0142asne silniki wraz z dwoma pot\u0119\u017cnymi rakietami no\u015bnymi na paliwo sta\u0142e, aby wzbi\u0107 si\u0119 w powietrze. Proces ten nazywany jest czasem \u2018wznoszeniem si\u0119 na orbit\u0119 w jednym etapie\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jednym z problem\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych ze statkami kosmicznymi typu \u201eSpace Shuttle\u201d jest dodatkowa masa wynikaj\u0105ca z paliwa i silnik\u00f3w rakietowych. Mimo to prom kosmiczny musi powr\u00f3ci\u0107 na Ziemi\u0119 niczym szybowiec. Nie posiada on silnik\u00f3w odrzutowych i nie mo\u017ce wykona\u0107 kolejnego podej\u015bcia, je\u015bli nie trafi na pas startowy.<\/p>\n

Jednym ze sposob\u00f3w na zmniejszenie rozmiar\u00f3w statku kosmicznego jest przewiezienie go przez cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 trasy na pok\u0142adzie innego pojazdu. Na przyk\u0142ad du\u017cy samolot mo\u017ce przetransportowa\u0107 samolot kosmiczny na wysoko\u015b\u0107 10 km. Gdy znajdzie si\u0119 on ju\u017c powy\u017cej wi\u0119kszo\u015bci warstw atmosfery, samolot kosmiczny zostaje uwolniony.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017cliwe jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykorzystanie rakiety do wyniesienia statku kosmicznego wielokrotnego u\u017cytku. Na pocz\u0105tku lat 90. ESA rozwa\u017ca\u0142a mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 wyniesienia ma\u0142ego samolotu kosmicznego o nazwie \u201eHermes\u201d na szczycie rakiety no\u015bnej Ariane-5.<\/p>\n

Innym sposobem na zmniejszenie masy mo\u017ce by\u0107 zastosowanie silnik\u00f3w nowej generacji, wykorzystuj\u0105cych powietrze z naszej atmosfery w pocz\u0105tkowej fazie wznoszenia. Dopiero po osi\u0105gni\u0119ciu przestrzeni kosmicznej pojazd prze\u0142\u0105cza\u0142by si\u0119 na nap\u0119d rakietowy, wykorzystuj\u0105cy tlen znajduj\u0105cy si\u0119 na pok\u0142adzie. Jednak do wprowadzenia takich silnik\u00f3w dzieli nas jeszcze wiele lat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are various ways to launch and fly reusable spacecraft. The Space Shuttle uses its own engines, together with two powerful solid rocket boosters, to get off the ground. This […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/future_launchers5\/18249547-2-eng-GB\/Future_launchers.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-C. VIJOUX","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Future_launchers5","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1981,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/1981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}