{"id":837,"date":"2004-12-02T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_first_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:50","slug":"the_first_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/the_first_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Pierwsze rakiety"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Wszystko na Ziemi \u2013 w tym my sami \u2013 jest przytrzymywane przez si\u0142\u0119 grawitacji. Bez grawitacji wszyscy unie\u015bliby\u015bmy si\u0119 w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105. M\u00f3wi si\u0119, \u017ce Isaac Newton odkry\u0142 grawitacj\u0119, gdy jab\u0142ko spad\u0142o mu na g\u0142ow\u0119.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Aby dotrze\u0107 w kosmos, wykorzystujemy rakietow\u0105 platform\u0119 startow\u0105, kt\u00f3ra pozwala nam przezwyci\u0119\u017cy\u0107 si\u0142\u0119 grawitacji Ziemi. Od czasu do czasu pojawia\u0142y si\u0119 te\u017c inne pomys\u0142y. W 1865 roku pisarz science fiction Juliusz Verne zaproponowa\u0142 wykorzystanie pot\u0119\u017cnej armaty do wys\u0142ania ludzi na Ksi\u0119\u017cyc. Niedawno naukowcy badali mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 wykorzystania pot\u0119\u017cnych magnes\u00f3w do wyniesienia statku kosmicznego na orbit\u0119.<\/p>\n<p>Rakiety istniej\u0105 ju\u017c od dawna. Zosta\u0142y wynalezione w Chinach ponad 800 lat temu. Pierwsze rakiety by\u0142y bardzo proste \u2013 sk\u0142ada\u0142y si\u0119 z tekturowej rurki wype\u0142nionej prochem strzelniczym i przymocowanej do dr\u0105\u017cka prowadz\u0105cego \u2013 podobnie jak fajerwerki, kt\u00f3rych u\u017cywamy dzisiaj.<\/p>\n<p>W 1232 roku Chi\u0144czycy wykorzystali te \u2018ogniste strza\u0142y\u2019, by pokona\u0107 naje\u017cd\u017caj\u0105c\u0105 armi\u0119 mongolsk\u0105. Wiedza na temat wytwarzania rakiet szybko dotar\u0142a na Bliski Wsch\u00f3d i do Europy, gdzie r\u00f3wnie\u017c zacz\u0119to je stosowa\u0107 jako bro\u0144. P\u00f3\u017aniej zyska\u0142y one popularno\u015b\u0107 jako element spektakularnych pokaz\u00f3w fajerwerk\u00f3w.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Everything on Earth \u2013 including us \u2013 is held down by the force of gravity. Without gravity, we would all float off into space. It is said that Isaac Newton [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/rockets_fireworks_cartoon2\/17907457-2-eng-GB\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon.gif","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=837"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1980,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions\/1980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}