{"id":836,"date":"2004-12-02T15:57:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/how_does_a_rocket_work\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:49","slug":"how_does_a_rocket_work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/how_does_a_rocket_work\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak dzia\u0142a rakieta?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Czy zauwa\u017cy\u0142e\u015b, co si\u0119 dzieje, gdy wypuszczasz powietrze z balonu? Powietrze wydostaje si\u0119 w jedn\u0105 stron\u0119, a balon porusza si\u0119 w przeciwnym kierunku. Rakiety dzia\u0142aj\u0105 w bardzo podobny spos\u00f3b. Gazy spalinowe wydostaj\u0105ce si\u0119 z dyszy silnika z du\u017c\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105 popychaj\u0105 rakiet\u0119 do przodu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 nowoczesnych rakiet no\u015bnych, takich jak europejska Ariane 5, jest bardzo skomplikowana i wa\u017cy setki ton w momencie startu. Znaczn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 tej masy stanowi paliwo, takie jak ciek\u0142y wod\u00f3r i ciek\u0142y tlen.<\/p>\n

Rakiety potrzebuj\u0105 tak du\u017cej ilo\u015bci paliwa, aby pokona\u0107 grawitacj\u0119 Ziemi. Dopiero po osi\u0105gni\u0119ciu pr\u0119dko\u015bci 28 000 km\/h poruszaj\u0105 si\u0119 wystarczaj\u0105co szybko, by wej\u015b\u0107 na orbit\u0119.<\/p>\n

Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 rakiet sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z dw\u00f3ch lub trzech stopni. Gdy stopie\u0144 zu\u017cyje ca\u0142e paliwo, zostaje od\u0142\u0105czony, aby pozby\u0107 si\u0119 zb\u0119dnego ci\u0119\u017caru. Nast\u0119pnie spada z powrotem na ziemi\u0119 (zazwyczaj do oceanu, z dala od obszar\u00f3w zamieszkanych) lub spala si\u0119 w atmosferze.<\/p>\n

Du\u017ce rakiety no\u015bne cz\u0119sto uzyskuj\u0105 dodatkowy impuls dzi\u0119ki rakietom bocznym przymocowanym do pierwszego stopnia. Mog\u0105 one wykorzystywa\u0107 paliwo sta\u0142e lub ciek\u0142e. One r\u00f3wnie\u017c s\u0105 zazwyczaj wyrzucane.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Have you noticed what happens if you let the air out of a balloon? The air goes one way and the balloon moves in the opposite direction. Rockets work in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/balloons2\/17894905-2-eng-GB\/balloons.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/balloons2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=836"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1979,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions\/1979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}