{"id":835,"date":"2004-12-02T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/rockets_in_war_and_peace\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:49","slug":"rockets_in_war_and_peace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/rockets_in_war_and_peace\/","title":{"rendered":"Rakiety w czasie wojny i pokoju"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pierwsz\u0105 osob\u0105, kt\u00f3ra zaprojektowa\u0142a rakiet\u0119 wykorzystuj\u0105c\u0105 paliwa ciek\u0142e zamiast prochu strzelniczego, by\u0142 rosyjski nauczyciel Konstantin Cio\u0142kowski. Min\u0119\u0142o ponad 20 lat, zanim odby\u0142 si\u0119 pierwszy lot rakiety nap\u0119dzanej paliwem ciek\u0142ym. 16 marca 1926 r. ma\u0142a rakieta zbudowana przez Amerykanina Roberta Goddarda wznios\u0142a si\u0119 na wysoko\u015b\u0107 12,4 metra podczas lotu, kt\u00f3ry trwa\u0142 2,5 sekundy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

W kolejnych latach Niemcy sta\u0142y si\u0119 liderem w dziedzinie rozwoju rakiet. Efektem tych prac by\u0142a rakieta V-2, kt\u00f3ra pod koniec II wojny \u015bwiatowej zosta\u0142a wykorzystana do atak\u00f3w na takie miasta jak Londyn.<\/p>\n

W 1945 roku wielu niemieckich naukowc\u00f3w zajmuj\u0105cych si\u0119 rakietami wyjecha\u0142o do pracy w Ameryce lub w Zwi\u0105zku Radzieckim. Pomogli oni w budowie wi\u0119kszych i pot\u0119\u017cniejszych rakiet, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna by\u0142o wykorzysta\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c do eksploracji kosmosu.<\/p>\n

Sputnik 1, pierwszy na \u015bwiecie satelita, zosta\u0142 wystrzelony przez radzieck\u0105 rakiet\u0119 4 pa\u017adziernika 1957 roku. W ci\u0105gu 10 lat Stany Zjednoczone, pod kierownictwem niemieckiego naukowca Wernhera von Brauna, zbudowa\u0142y rakiet\u0119 Saturn 5, kt\u00f3ra mog\u0142a przetransportowa\u0107 trzech ludzi na Ksi\u0119\u017cyc.<\/p>\n

Od 1979 roku w Europie opracowano seri\u0119 rakiet no\u015bnych \u201eAriane\u201d, kt\u00f3re nale\u017c\u0105 do najpot\u0119\u017cniejszych i najbardziej niezawodnych na \u015bwiecie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first person to design a rocket that used liquid fuels instead of gunpowder was a Russian schoolteacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. More than 20 years passed before the first flight […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/03\/dr_robert_h._goddard2\/17865305-3-eng-GB\/Dr_Robert_H._Goddard.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Dr Robert H. Goddard","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/03\/Dr_Robert_H._Goddard2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=835"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1978,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835\/revisions\/1978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}