{"id":832,"date":"2004-12-02T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/many_parts\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:47","slug":"many_parts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/many_parts\/","title":{"rendered":"Wiele cz\u0119\u015bci"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Samoch\u00f3d bez k\u00f3\u0142 ani silnika ma niewielk\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107. Podobnie jest w przypadku satelity \u2013 istniej\u0105 pewne elementy, kt\u00f3re musz\u0105 by\u0107 w nim zamontowane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 statk\u00f3w kosmicznych jest zasilana z akumulator\u00f3w i ogniw s\u0142onecznych. Ogniwa s\u0142oneczne to przypominaj\u0105ce p\u0142ytki elementy z krzemu lub innych materia\u0142\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re wytwarzaj\u0105 energi\u0119 elektryczn\u0105 pod wp\u0142ywem promieni s\u0142onecznych.<\/p>\n

Je\u015bli tysi\u0105ce takich ogniw po\u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 w du\u017ce panele, tworz\u0105c panele s\u0142oneczne, mog\u0105 one zasila\u0107 spory statek kosmiczny. Ogniwa te \u0142aduj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c akumulatory, gdy tylko znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 w \u015bwietle s\u0142onecznym. Gdy statek kosmiczny znajdzie si\u0119 w cieniu, zasilanie przejmuj\u0105 akumulatory.<\/p>\n

Statki kosmiczne s\u0105 wyposa\u017cone w kilka anten. Dzia\u0142aj\u0105 one jak uszy i zapewniaj\u0105 \u0142\u0105czno\u015b\u0107 z Ziemi\u0105. Najwa\u017cniejsz\u0105 z nich jest antena paraboliczna o \u015brednicy do 2 m, kt\u00f3ra mo\u017ce wysy\u0142a\u0107 i odbiera\u0107 du\u017ce ilo\u015bci danych i informacji.<\/p>\n

M\u00f3zgiem statku kosmicznego jest jego system komputerowy. Dane mog\u0105 by\u0107 przechowywane w pami\u0119ci komputera lub przesy\u0142ane na Ziemi\u0119 w czasie rzeczywistym za po\u015brednictwem anten.<\/p>\n

Komputer przechowuje r\u00f3wnie\u017c instrukcje dotycz\u0105ce obs\u0142ugi statku kosmicznego. Stanowi to zabezpieczenie na wypadek utraty \u0142\u0105czno\u015bci lub awarii.<\/p>\n

Statki kosmiczne potrzebuj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c ma\u0142ych silnik\u00f3w do poruszania si\u0119 w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Istniej\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne rodzaje silnik\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Statki kosmiczne wykonuj\u0105 obroty i przechylenia poprzez uruchamianie silnik\u00f3w manewrowych. Silniki te wyrzucaj\u0105 gor\u0105ce gazy w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105 z du\u017c\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105. Niekt\u00f3re satelity s\u0105 wyposa\u017cone w silniki jonowe. Wykorzystuj\u0105 one silne pole elektryczne do wyrzucania gazu w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A car without wheels or an engine is of little value. In the same way, there are certain parts that must be built into a satellite. Most spacecraft depend on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/01\/iss2\/17866379-3-eng-GB\/ISS.jpg","esa_banner_description":"ISS","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/01\/ISS2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=832"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1975,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832\/revisions\/1975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}