{"id":823,"date":"2004-12-09T15:52:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-09T14:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_velocity\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:41","slug":"space_velocity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/space_velocity\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 przestrzenna"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Obiekty kr\u0105\u017c\u0105ce wok\u00f3\u0142 planety nazywane s\u0105 satelitami. Ka\u017cdy pe\u0142ny obieg satelity wok\u00f3\u0142 planety nazywany jest orbit\u0105.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Nasza Ziemia ma jednego naturalnego satelit\u0119 \u2013 Ksi\u0119\u017cyc. Jednak od pa\u017adziernika 1957 roku na orbitach wok\u00f3\u0142 Ziemi umieszczono wiele tysi\u0119cy sztucznych (stworzonych przez cz\u0142owieka) satelit\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Aby utrzyma\u0107 si\u0119 na orbicie, satelita musi porusza\u0107 si\u0119 z bardzo du\u017c\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105, kt\u00f3ra zale\u017cy od wysoko\u015bci. Zatem zazwyczaj w przypadku orbity ko\u0142owej na wysoko\u015bci 300 km nad powierzchni\u0105 Ziemi wymagana jest pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 7,8 km\/s (28 000 km\/h). Przy tej pr\u0119dko\u015bci satelita wykona jeden obieg wok\u00f3\u0142 Ziemi w ci\u0105gu 90 minut.<\/p>\n

Satelity musz\u0105 porusza\u0107 si\u0119 tak szybko, aby zr\u00f3wnowa\u017cy\u0107 si\u0142\u0119 przyci\u0105gania Ziemi. Dzia\u0142a to podobnie jak w przypadku rzutu pi\u0142k\u0105 do krykieta lub baseballu. Im mocniej rzucona zostanie pi\u0142ka, tym dalej przeleci, zanim spadnie na ziemi\u0119.<\/p>\n

Gdyby gracz potrafi\u0142 rzuci\u0107 pi\u0142k\u0119 z tak\u0105 si\u0142\u0105, by osi\u0105gn\u0119\u0142a niezb\u0119dn\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107, pi\u0142ka wesz\u0142aby na orbit\u0119. Nigdy nie spad\u0142aby z powrotem na Ziemi\u0119. Rzu\u0107 j\u0105 jeszcze mocniej, tak aby osi\u0105gn\u0119\u0142a pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 11,2 km\/s (40 300 km\/h) \u2013 znan\u0105 jako \u2018pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 ucieczki\u2019 \u2013 a pi\u0142ka ca\u0142kowicie opu\u015bci Ziemi\u0119. Stanie si\u0119 w\u00f3wczas \u2018satelit\u0105\u2019 S\u0142o\u0144ca.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objects that travel around a planet are called satellites. Each complete journey a satellite makes around the planet is called an orbit. Our Earth has one natural satellite \u2013 the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/newton_s_cannon2\/17886950-2-eng-GB\/Newton_s_cannon.gif","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Newton_s_cannon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=823"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1966,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions\/1966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}