{"id":820,"date":"2004-12-02T15:35:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/gravity_assists\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:39","slug":"gravity_assists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/gravity_assists\/","title":{"rendered":"Wspomaganie grawitacyjne"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Jak wiadomo, samoch\u00f3d zwykle zwalnia podczas wje\u017cd\u017cania pod g\u00f3r\u0119 i przyspiesza podczas zjazdu. Mo\u017cna powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce samoch\u00f3d korzysta z \u2018pomocy grawitacji\u2019, poniewa\u017c grawitacja Ziemi pomaga mu zwolni\u0107 lub przyspieszy\u0107. W ten sam spos\u00f3b statek kosmiczny mo\u017ce uzyska\u0107 darmowy transport, bez zu\u017cywania cennego paliwa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Wspomaganie grawitacyjne ma miejsce, gdy statek kosmiczny przelatuje obok planety lub du\u017cego ksi\u0119\u017cyca. Dzi\u0119ki temu grawitacja planety oddzia\u0142uje na statek kosmiczny i zmienia jego orbit\u0119.<\/p>\n

Czasami statek kosmiczny przyspiesza, a czasami zwalnia \u2013 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od tego, czy mija planet\u0119 od ty\u0142u, czy od przodu. Manewr grawitacyjny zmienia r\u00f3wnie\u017c kierunek, w kt\u00f3rym porusza si\u0119 statek kosmiczny.<\/p>\n

Jedno z najbardziej niesamowitych manewr\u00f3w wykorzystania grawitacji mia\u0142o miejsce podczas misji \u201eUlysses\u201d prowadzonej przez ESA. Przelatuj\u0105c nad p\u00f3\u0142nocnym biegunem Jowisza, sonda \u201eUlysses\u201d zosta\u0142a wyrzucona na orbit\u0119, kt\u00f3ra zaprowadzi\u0142a j\u0105 nad bieguny S\u0142o\u0144ca.<\/p>\n

W ramach misji Cassini-Huygens wykorzystano cztery manewry grawitacyjne (jeden z udzia\u0142em Ziemi, dwa z udzia\u0142em Wenus i jeden z udzia\u0142em Jowisza) podczas podr\u00f3\u017cy na Saturna.<\/p>\n

Grawitacja odegra\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c rol\u0119 w misji SMART-1 prowadzonej przez ESA. Po 14 miesi\u0105cach oddalania si\u0119 od Ziemi po spirali statek kosmiczny zacz\u0105\u0142 odczuwa\u0107 si\u0142y przyci\u0105gania Ksi\u0119\u017cyca. W listopadzie 2004 roku SMART-1 zosta\u0142 przyci\u0105gni\u0119ty przez grawitacj\u0119 Ksi\u0119\u017cyca i wszed\u0142 na orbit\u0119 wok\u00f3\u0142 niego.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As you know, a car tends to slow down when it goes up a mountain and to accelerate when it is going downhill. One can say that the car is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/08\/ulysses_and_the_heliosphere2\/17889541-2-eng-GB\/Ulysses_and_the_heliosphere.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Ulysses and the heliosphere","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (image by D. Hardy)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/08\/Ulysses_and_the_heliosphere2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=820"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1963,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions\/1963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}