{"id":778,"date":"2011-05-30T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2011-05-30T11:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/ash_clouds_cause_flight_chaos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:09","slug":"ash_clouds_cause_flight_chaos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/ash_clouds_cause_flight_chaos\/","title":{"rendered":"Chmury popio\u0142u powoduj\u0105 chaos w ruchu lotniczym"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ju\u017c po raz drugi w ci\u0105gu roku erupcja wulkanu na Islandii spowodowa\u0142a chaos w znacznej cz\u0119\u015bci Europy. Problem wynika z chmur popio\u0142u, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y wyrzucone na wysoko\u015b\u0107 wielu kilometr\u00f3w. Dla Islandczyk\u00f3w mieszkaj\u0105cych w pobli\u017cu wulkan\u00f3w \u017cycie zmieni\u0142o si\u0119 diametralnie. Warstwa br\u0105zowego popio\u0142u pokrywa domy, drogi i pola. Ogromne chmury popio\u0142u przemierzy\u0142y jednak r\u00f3wnie\u017c tysi\u0105ce kilometr\u00f3w w ca\u0142ej Europie, uniemo\u017cliwiaj\u0105c loty wielu samolotom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pierwsza erupcja rozpocz\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 w marcu 2010 roku, kiedy wulkan Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull zacz\u0105\u0142 wyrzuca\u0107 chmury pary i popio\u0142u. W ci\u0105gu kolejnych kilku miesi\u0119cy odwo\u0142ano tysi\u0105ce lot\u00f3w, poniewa\u017c drobne cz\u0105steczki rozprzestrzeni\u0142y si\u0119 nad Europ\u0105. Po ustaniu erupcji ruch lotniczy powr\u00f3ci\u0142 do normy. Nast\u0119pnie, 21 maja 2011 r., wulkan Gr\u00edmsv\u00f6tn zacz\u0105\u0142 wyrzuca\u0107 popi\u00f3\u0142 wysoko w atmosfer\u0119. Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie, mimo \u017ce erupcja ta by\u0142a wi\u0119ksza od poprzedniej, do\u015b\u0107 szybko wygas\u0142a. Pod koniec maja ruch lotniczy powr\u00f3ci\u0142 do normy.<\/p>\n

Jednym z g\u0142\u00f3wnych problem\u00f3w, z jakimi borykaj\u0105 si\u0119 linie lotnicze i rz\u0105dy podczas takich erupcji, jest zapewnienie bezpiecze\u0144stwa pasa\u017cer\u00f3w. Gdy samolot przelatuje przez chmur\u0119 wulkaniczn\u0105, cz\u0105steczki popio\u0142u dostaj\u0105 si\u0119 do silnik\u00f3w odrzutowych, co mo\u017ce spowodowa\u0107 ich awari\u0119. Popi\u00f3\u0142 mo\u017ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c powa\u017cnie uszkodzi\u0107 poszycie samolotu. Dlatego te\u017c niezb\u0119dne jest znalezienie sposobu na \u015bledzenie ruch\u00f3w chmury i okre\u015blenie jej grubo\u015bci.<\/p>\n

Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie satelity kr\u0105\u017c\u0105ce wok\u00f3\u0142 Ziemi, takie jak Envisat nale\u017c\u0105cy do ESA, s\u0105 w stanie wykona\u0107 zdj\u0119cia chmur popio\u0142u. Potrafi\u0105 one r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykrywa\u0107 gazy, takie jak dwutlenek siarki, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y wyrzucone wysoko w atmosfer\u0119, cz\u0119sto osi\u0105gaj\u0105c wysoko\u015bci, na kt\u00f3rych odbywaj\u0105 si\u0119 regularne loty. Dane te s\u0105 przesy\u0142ane do centr\u00f3w doradztwa ds. popio\u0142\u00f3w wulkanicznych, kt\u00f3re oceniaj\u0105 potencjalne zagro\u017cenie dla lotnictwa i wydaj\u0105 ostrze\u017cenia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For the second time in a year, a volcanic eruption on Iceland has caused chaos across much of Europe. The problem has been caused by clouds of ash that have […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/ash_plume2\/17896682-2-eng-GB\/Ash_plume.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Ash_plume2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=778"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1921,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/778\/revisions\/1921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}