{"id":745,"date":"2004-12-09T14:59:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-09T13:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:49","slug":"shake_rattle_and_roll","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/","title":{"rendered":"Wstrz\u0105sy, trz\u0119sienia i ko\u0142ysanie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Przestrze\u0144 kosmiczna jest niezwykle nieprzyjazna. Statki kosmiczne musz\u0105 wytrzyma\u0107 ekstremalne temperatury \u2013 zar\u00f3wno wysokie, jak i niskie \u2013 promieniowanie, pola magnetyczne, meteoryty, szcz\u0105tki innych statk\u00f3w kosmicznych oraz brak powietrza.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Poniewa\u017c budowa i wystrzelenie statk\u00f3w kosmicznych wi\u0105\u017c\u0105 si\u0119 z wysokimi kosztami, zale\u017cy nam na tym, by dzia\u0142a\u0142y one jak najd\u0142u\u017cej. Je\u015bli satelity maj\u0105 przetrwa\u0107 w przestrzeni kosmicznej przez wiele lat, musz\u0105 przej\u015b\u0107 (i zda\u0107!) liczne testy na Ziemi.<\/p>\n

Pierwszym zagro\u017ceniem, z kt\u00f3rym musz\u0105 sobie poradzi\u0107 satelity, jest g\u0142o\u015bny ha\u0142as i wstrz\u0105sy podczas startu rakiety. Testuje si\u0119 to poprzez wstrz\u0105sanie satelit\u0105 i na\u015bwietlanie go d\u017awi\u0119kiem dochodz\u0105cym z ogromnych g\u0142o\u015bnik\u00f3w umieszczonych wewn\u0105trz specjalnej komory.<\/p>\n

Drugim zagro\u017ceniem, z kt\u00f3rym satelity musz\u0105 si\u0119 zmierzy\u0107 w przestrzeni kosmicznej, jest przetrwanie ekstremalnie wysokich i niskich temperatur. Ekstremalne nagrzewanie przez S\u0142o\u0144ce symuluje si\u0119 w komorze pr\u00f3\u017cniowej wyposa\u017conej w pot\u0119\u017cne lampy i lustra. Bardzo niskie temperatury uzyskuje si\u0119 poprzez przepuszczanie ciek\u0142ego azotu przez rury w \u015bciankach komory.<\/p>\n

Aby upewni\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce uk\u0142ady elektryczne dzia\u0142aj\u0105 prawid\u0142owo, satelita umieszczany jest w silnym polu magnetycznym, kt\u00f3re mo\u017ce powodowa\u0107 awarie elektryczne. Komputery monitoruj\u0105 wszystko, co dzieje si\u0119 na statku kosmicznym podczas tych trudnych warunk\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Przez ponad rok \u2013 a czasem nawet d\u0142u\u017cej \u2013 ka\u017cdy element sk\u0142adaj\u0105cy si\u0119 na statek kosmiczny jest wielokrotnie testowany. Po z\u0142o\u017ceniu statku kosmicznego przeprowadza si\u0119 kolejne testy. Dopiero wtedy in\u017cynierowie mog\u0105 by\u0107 pewni, \u017ce ich \u201edziecko\u201d odniesie sukces po wej\u015bciu na orbit\u0119.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Outer space is extremely hostile. Spacecraft have to survive extremes of hot and cold, radiation, magnetic fields, meteorites, debris from other spacecraft and lack of air. Since spacecraft are expensive […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/06\/gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber2\/17893611-2-eng-GB\/Gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Gaia antenna in test chamber","esa_banner_credit":"Astrium\u2013A. Martin, 2012","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/06\/Gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1888,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions\/1888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}