{"id":714,"date":"2012-11-07T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-07T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:27","slug":"from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/","title":{"rendered":"Od paliwa rakietowego po ekologiczne samochody"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Wod\u00f3r, najl\u017cejszy ze wszystkich gaz\u00f3w, jest najpowszechniejszym pierwiastkiem we Wszech\u015bwiecie. W obecno\u015bci tlenu ulega on niezwykle \u0142atwemu spaleniu. Wod\u00f3r, wykorzystywany w europejskich rakietach no\u015bnych Ariane 5, jest doskona\u0142ym paliwem rakietowym, ale bardzo trudno go przechowywa\u0107. Musi by\u0107 przechowywany w zbiornikach o podw\u00f3jnych \u015bciankach w bardzo niskich temperaturach, a nast\u0119pnie doprowadzany do silnik\u00f3w rakietowych przez szczelnie zamkni\u0119te rury.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Najnowsze osi\u0105gni\u0119cia austriackiej firmy wskazuj\u0105, \u017ce wod\u00f3r mo\u017ce sta\u0107 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c preferowanym paliwem dla przysz\u0142ego transportu drogowego, rozwi\u0105zuj\u0105c problem stworzenia ekologicznych samochod\u00f3w. We wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z niemieckim producentem samochod\u00f3w BMW firma ta wykorzysta\u0142a technologi\u0119 rakietow\u0105 do opracowania zbiornik\u00f3w na wod\u00f3r, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 na tyle ma\u0142e, \u017ce mieszcz\u0105 si\u0119 w baga\u017cniku sedana. W 2007 roku zaowocowa\u0142o to powstaniem seryjnego modelu BMW Hydrogen 7, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce by\u0107 zasilany zar\u00f3wno wodorem, jak i benzyn\u0105. Zasadniczo jedyn\u0105 emisj\u0105 z tego samochodu jest nieszkodliwa para wodna!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"Magna Steyr Aerospace\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\/18250360-2-eng-GB\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank.jpg\" alt=\"Hydrogen car fuel tank\"><figcaption>Zbiornik paliwa w samochodzie nap\u0119dzanym wodorem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jednym z najwi\u0119kszych wyzwa\u0144 by\u0142o zaprojektowanie zbiornika paliwa. Aby wod\u00f3r m\u00f3g\u0142 by\u0107 przechowywany w postaci ciek\u0142ej, musi by\u0107 utrzymywany w temperaturze \u2013253\u00baC. Zamiast stosowa\u0107 ci\u0105g\u0142e ch\u0142odzenie, samochody BMW Hydrogen 7 przechowuj\u0105 114 litr\u00f3w ciek\u0142ego wodoru w doskonale izolowanych zbiornikach. Izolacja zbiornik\u00f3w, odpowiadaj\u0105ca warstwie styropianu o grubo\u015bci 17 m, pozwala utrzyma\u0107 wod\u00f3r w niskiej temperaturze przez prawie dwa tygodnie.<\/p>\n<p>Zanim samochody nap\u0119dzane wodorem stan\u0105 si\u0119 powszechne, trzeba jeszcze pokona\u0107 kilka problem\u00f3w. Jednym z nich jest brak stacji tankowania. Kolejnym jest utrata ciek\u0142ego wodoru, kt\u00f3ry ogrzewaj\u0105c si\u0119, powoli wyparowuje w postaci gazu. Kierowca, kt\u00f3ry na przyk\u0142ad zostawi samoch\u00f3d na lotnisku na dwa tygodnie, po powrocie zasta\u0142by pusty zbiornik paliwa. Istniej\u0105 jednak wyra\u017ane oznaki, \u017ce ekologiczne samochody nap\u0119dzane wodorem stanowi\u0105 przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107 bezemisyjnej motoryzacji.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydrogen, the lightest of all gases, is the most common element in the Universe. It is extremely easy to burn, if oxygen is present. Used in Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 launchers, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2\/17879995-2-eng-GB\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Liquid hydrogen-powered combustion engine","esa_banner_credit":"BMW\/Magna Steyr Aerospace","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=714"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4644,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions\/4644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}