{"id":694,"date":"2012-11-30T14:15:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-30T13:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/europe_s_comet_explorers\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:13","slug":"europe_s_comet_explorers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/europe_s_comet_explorers\/","title":{"rendered":"Europejscy badacze komet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>13 marca 1986 r. sonda kosmiczna \u201eGiotto\u201d nale\u017c\u0105ca do ESA przes\u0142a\u0142a zdj\u0119cia czarnego obiektu w kszta\u0142cie ziemniaka, z kt\u00f3rego w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105 wyrzuca\u0142y si\u0119 jasne strumienie materii. By\u0142 to pierwszy przypadek, kiedy uda\u0142o si\u0119 zaobserwowa\u0107 sta\u0142e j\u0105dro znajduj\u0105ce si\u0119 w sercu komety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Celem misji Giotto by\u0142a kometa Halleya, nazwana na cze\u015b\u0107 XVII-wiecznego brytyjskiego astronoma Edmonda Halleya. By\u0142 on pierwsz\u0105 osob\u0105, kt\u00f3ra zda\u0142a sobie spraw\u0119, \u017ce ta jasna kometa regularnie powraca do wewn\u0119trznej cz\u0119\u015bci Uk\u0142adu S\u0142onecznego co 75\u201376 lat. Jej kolejna wizyta na naszym niebie zaplanowana jest na rok 2061.<\/p>\n<p>Kometa Halleya jest najs\u0142ynniejsz\u0105 spo\u015br\u00f3d milion\u00f3w komet kr\u0105\u017c\u0105cych wok\u00f3\u0142 S\u0142o\u0144ca. Nawet gdy znajduje si\u0119 w ciemno\u015bciach zewn\u0119trznego Uk\u0142adu S\u0142onecznego, kometa Halleya nadal wywiera wp\u0142yw na nasz\u0105 planet\u0119. Ka\u017cdego pa\u017adziernika Ziemia przecina strumie\u0144 drobnego py\u0142u pozostawionego przez t\u0119 komet\u0119, co powoduje deszcz meteor\u00f3w Orionid\u00f3w. Uwa\u017ca si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce kometa Halleya jest odpowiedzialna za deszcz meteor\u00f3w Eta Aquarid, kt\u00f3ry ma miejsce co roku w maju. Te meteory, cz\u0119sto nazywane \u201cgwiazdami spadaj\u0105cymi\u201d, to jasne smugi pozostawione przez male\u0144kie, szybko poruszaj\u0105ce si\u0119 cz\u0105steczki szcz\u0105tk\u00f3w komety, kt\u00f3re spalaj\u0105 si\u0119 w atmosferze ziemskiej.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"ESA, image by AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Rosetta_orbiting_Comet_67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/rosetta_orbiting_comet_67p_churyumov-gerasimenko2\/18245884-2-eng-GB\/Rosetta_orbiting_Comet_67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko.jpg\" alt=\"Rosetta orbiting Comet 67P\/Churyumov-Gerasimenko\"><figcaption>Sonda Rosetta kr\u0105\u017c\u0105ca wok\u00f3\u0142 komety 67P\/Czuriumow-Gerasimenko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Od czasu niezwyk\u0142ego sukcesu sondy \u201eGiotto\u201d inne komety by\u0142y badane przez sondy kosmiczne. Najbardziej ambitn\u0105 misj\u0105 jest jednak sonda kosmiczna \u201eRosetta\u201d nale\u017c\u0105ca do ESA, kt\u00f3ra w 2014 roku dotrze do komety Czuriomowa-Gerasimenko. Sonda \u201eRosetta\u201d b\u0119dzie przelatywa\u0107 obok j\u0105dra komety, przeprowadzaj\u0105c dog\u0142\u0119bne badania zmian zachodz\u0105cych w miar\u0119 jej ogrzewania przez S\u0142o\u0144ce. Wypu\u015bci r\u00f3wnie\u017c niewielki modu\u0142 o nazwie \u201ePhilae\u201d, kt\u00f3ry wykona pierwsze mi\u0119kkie l\u0105dowanie na komecie!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 13 March 1986, ESA\u2019s Giotto spacecraft sent back pictures of a black, potato-shaped object that was blasting bright jets of material into space. It was the first time that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/11\/comet_halley_close_up3\/17877183-2-eng-GB\/Comet_Halley_close_up.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Comet Halley close up","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/MPS","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/11\/Comet_Halley_close_up3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=694"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4631,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions\/4631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}