{"id":612,"date":"2013-11-28T08:18:00","date_gmt":"2013-11-28T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:17","slug":"thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Trzydzie\u015bci lat obecno\u015bci astronaut\u00f3w ESA w kosmosie"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Dok\u0142adnie trzydzie\u015bci lat temu, 28 listopada 1983 r., pierwszy wyprodukowany w Europie modu\u0142 Spacelab zosta\u0142 wyniesiony w kosmos na pok\u0142adzie promu kosmicznego \u201eColumbia\u201d. W misji tej uczestniczy\u0142 Ulf Merbold, pierwszy astronauta ESA, co oznacza\u0142o wej\u015bcie ESA w er\u0119 za\u0142ogowych lot\u00f3w kosmicznych.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sze\u015bciu astronaut\u00f3w na pok\u0142adzie Spacelab-1 pracowa\u0142o w dw\u00f3ch zespo\u0142ach na 12-godzinnych zmianach, co umo\u017cliwi\u0142o prowadzenie nieprzerwanych dzia\u0142a\u0144. Przeprowadzili oni ponad 70 eksperyment\u00f3w z zakresu fizyki S\u0142o\u0144ca, fizyki plazmy kosmicznej, astronomii, obserwacji Ziemi, materia\u0142oznawstwa, technologii oraz nauk przyrodniczych.<\/p>\n<p>Po okr\u0105\u017ceniu Ziemi 166 razy w ci\u0105gu nieco ponad 10 dni statek \u201eColumbia\u201d wyl\u0105dowa\u0142 z powrotem na Ziemi 8 grudnia.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2670\" data-credit=\"NASA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/Spacelab-1_STS-9_launch_28_November_19832\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/spacelab-1_sts-9_launch_28_november_19832\/17890836-2-eng-GB\/Spacelab-1_STS-9_launch_28_November_1983.jpg\" alt=\"Spacelab-1\/STS-9 launch, 28 November 1983\"><figcaption>Start Spacelab-1\/STS-9, 28 listopada 1983 r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>W latach 1983\u20131998 modu\u0142y Spacelab odby\u0142y 22 loty na pok\u0142adzie promu kosmicznego, sp\u0119dzaj\u0105c \u0142\u0105cznie 244 dni na orbicie! W ramach przeprowadzonych eksperyment\u00f3w zbadano mo\u017cliwo\u015bci prowadzenia bada\u0144 w warunkach niewa\u017cko\u015bci w wielu dziedzinach nauki, co doprowadzi\u0142o do powstania metali ery kosmicznej wykorzystywanych w masowo produkowanych smartfonach oraz pozwoli\u0142o odkry\u0107 obszary bada\u0144 kosmicznych, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 okaza\u0107 si\u0119 obiecuj\u0105ce w leczeniu przewlek\u0142ych chor\u00f3b mi\u0119\u015bni.<\/p>\n<p>Europejskie laboratorium \u201eColumbus\u201d na Mi\u0119dzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej (ISS) wywodzi si\u0119 z programu Spacelab. Wewn\u0105trz Spacelabu stosowano znormalizowane stojaki naukowe, kt\u00f3re przyczyni\u0142y si\u0119 do jego sukcesu i zosta\u0142y przyj\u0119te we wszystkich modu\u0142ach laboratoryjnych stacji.<\/p>\n<p>Podobnie jak w przypadku modu\u0142u Spacelab, kt\u00f3rym zajmowa\u0142y si\u0119 mi\u0119dzynarodowe zespo\u0142y astronaut\u00f3w, tak samo wygl\u0105da sytuacja w przypadku dzisiejszych europejskich eksperyment\u00f3w i laboratori\u00f3w na stacji. Ich funkcjonowanie i prowadzenie bada\u0144 naukowych zapewnia sta\u0142a za\u0142oga stacji \u2013 w sk\u0142ad kt\u00f3rej wchodz\u0105 obecnie r\u00f3wnie\u017c europejscy astronauci.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thirty years ago today, on 28 November 1983, the first European-built Spacelab was launched into space on Space Shuttle Columbia. ESA\u2019s first astronaut Ulf Merbold flew on that mission, marking [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/sts-9_crew\/18246661-2-eng-GB\/STS-9_crew.jpg","esa_banner_description":"STS-9 crew","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/STS-9_crew","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=612"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4581,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions\/4581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}