{"id":580,"date":"2005-12-09T12:29:00","date_gmt":"2005-12-09T11:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_solar_system_and_its_planets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:29:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:29:52","slug":"the_solar_system_and_its_planets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/the_solar_system_and_its_planets\/","title":{"rendered":"Uk\u0142ad S\u0142oneczny i jego planety"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Uk\u0142ad S\u0142oneczny sk\u0142ada si\u0119 ze S\u0142o\u0144ca oraz wszystkich mniejszych cia\u0142 niebieskich kr\u0105\u017c\u0105cych wok\u00f3\u0142 niego. Opr\u00f3cz S\u0142o\u0144ca najwi\u0119kszymi cia\u0142ami w Uk\u0142adzie S\u0142onecznym s\u0105 osiem g\u0142\u00f3wnych planet. Najbli\u017cej S\u0142o\u0144ca znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 cztery stosunkowo ma\u0142e, skaliste planety \u2013 Merkury, Wenus, Ziemia i Mars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Za Marsem rozci\u0105ga si\u0119 pas asteroid \u2013 obszar, w kt\u00f3rym znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 miliony skalistych obiekt\u00f3w. S\u0105 to pozosta\u0142o\u015bci po procesie powstawania planet, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 miejsce 4,5 miliarda lat temu.<\/p>\n

Po drugiej stronie pasa asteroid znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 cztery gazowe giganty \u2013 Jowisz, Saturn, Uran i Neptun. Planety te s\u0105 znacznie wi\u0119ksze od Ziemi, ale jak na swoje rozmiary maj\u0105 bardzo ma\u0142\u0105 mas\u0119. Sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnie z wodoru i helu.<\/p>\n

Jeszcze do niedawna najodleglejsz\u0105 znan\u0105 planet\u0105 by\u0142 lodowy \u015bwiat zwany Plutonem. Jednak Pluton jest znacznie mniejszy od Ksi\u0119\u017cyca Ziemi, a wielu astronom\u00f3w uwa\u017ca, \u017ce jest zbyt ma\u0142y, by nazwa\u0107 go prawdziw\u0105 planet\u0105.<\/p>\n

W 2005 roku bardzo daleko od S\u0142o\u0144ca odkryto obiekt o nazwie Eris, kt\u00f3ry jest co najmniej tak du\u017cy jak Pluton. W ostatnich latach poza Plutonem odkryto ponad 1 000 lodowych \u015bwiat\u00f3w podobnych do Eris. Nazywa si\u0119 je obiektami pasa Kuipera. W 2006 roku Mi\u0119dzynarodowa Unia Astronomiczna postanowi\u0142a, \u017ce Pluton i Eris nale\u017cy zaklasyfikowa\u0107 jako \u201cplanety kar\u0142owate\u201d.<\/p>\n

Jeszcze dalej znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 komety z Ob\u0142oku Oorta. S\u0105 one tak odleg\u0142e, \u017ce nie wida\u0107 ich nawet w najwi\u0119kszych teleskopach. Od czasu do czasu jedna z tych komet zostaje wytr\u0105cona z orbity i kieruje si\u0119 w stron\u0119 S\u0142o\u0144ca. W\u00f3wczas staje si\u0119 widoczna na nocnym niebie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Solar System is made up of the Sun and all of the smaller objects that move around it. Apart from the Sun, the largest members of the Solar System […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2014\/08\/explore_our_universe_poster\/17899681-2-eng-GB\/Explore_our_Universe_poster.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2014\/08\/Explore_our_Universe_poster","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1723,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions\/1723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}