{"id":509,"date":"2004-11-16T10:36:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-16T09:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/asteroids_the_minor_planets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:29:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:29:02","slug":"asteroids_the_minor_planets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/asteroids_the_minor_planets\/","title":{"rendered":"Asteroidy \u2013 planety kar\u0142owate"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Asteroidy to ma\u0142e, skaliste cia\u0142a niebieskie, kt\u00f3re pozosta\u0142y po procesie powstawania planet 4,5 miliarda lat temu. Cz\u0119sto nazywa si\u0119 je \u2018planetami kar\u0142owatymi\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Szacuje si\u0119, \u017ce istnieje miliardy takich bry\u0142 skalnych. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z nich znajduje si\u0119 w \u2018pasie g\u0142\u00f3wnym\u2019 o kszta\u0142cie pier\u015bcienia, po\u0142o\u017conym mi\u0119dzy orbitami Marsa i Jowisza. Na wewn\u0119trznej kraw\u0119dzi tego pasa g\u0142\u00f3wnego asteroidy okr\u0105\u017caj\u0105 S\u0142o\u0144ce w ci\u0105gu oko\u0142o trzech lat. Tym, kt\u00f3re znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 w pobli\u017cu zewn\u0119trznej granicy pasa g\u0142\u00f3wnego, zajmuje to dwa razy wi\u0119cej czasu.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0142owo \u2018asteroida\u2019 oznacza \u2018podobny do gwiazdy\u2019. Nazw\u0119 t\u0119 nadano im, poniewa\u017c w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci teleskop\u00f3w wida\u0107 je jedynie jako punkty \u015bwietlne. Na pocz\u0105tku XX wieku astronomowie nazywali je \u2018szkodnikami nieba\u2019. By\u0142y widoczne w tak ogromnej liczbie, \u017ce psu\u0142y zdj\u0119cia odleg\u0142ych galaktyk i mg\u0142awic.<\/p>\n<p>Najwi\u0119ksza z asteroid, Ceres, zosta\u0142a odkryta jako pierwsza. Odkry\u0142 j\u0105 Giuseppi Piazzi z Palermo na Sycylii 1 stycznia 1801 roku.<\/p>\n<p>Drug\u0105 planet\u0119 kar\u0142owat\u0105 \u2013 Pallas \u2013 odkry\u0142 Wilhelm Olbers w 1802 roku. Nast\u0119pnie odkryto Juno (1804) i Vest\u0119 (1807). Od 1847 roku nie min\u0105\u0142 \u017caden rok, w kt\u00f3rym nie odkryto by przynajmniej jednej asteroidy.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"Powi\u0105zane\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">Powi\u0105zane<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/asteroider_de_smaa_planeter\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">du\u0144ski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/planetoiden_-_de_kleine_planeten\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Holenderski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/asteroiden_-_die_kleinplaneten\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">niemiecki<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/asteroider_de_smaa_planetene\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">norweski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/asteroidy_czyli_planetoidy\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">polski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/asteroider_smaaplaneterna\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">szwedzki<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Asteroids are small, rocky bodies that have been left over from the formation of the planets 4.5 billion years ago. They are often known as &#8216;minor planets&#8217;. There are thought [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/07\/asteroid_243_ida_and_its_newly_discovered_moon_dactyl2\/17863270-3-eng-GB\/Asteroid_243_Ida_and_its_newly_discovered_moon_Dactyl.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Asteroid 243 Ida and its newly discovered moon, Dactyl","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/07\/Asteroid_243_Ida_and_its_newly_discovered_moon_Dactyl2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1652,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/509\/revisions\/1652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}