{"id":484,"date":"2016-06-06T07:56:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-06T05:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/gravity\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:28:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:28:44","slug":"gravity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/gravity\/","title":{"rendered":"Grawitacja!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Czy widzia\u0142e\u015b kiedy\u015b owoc lub przedmiot spadaj\u0105cy z drzewa? A czy pr\u00f3bowa\u0142e\u015b kiedy\u015b rzuci\u0107 kamieniem i obserwowa\u0107, jak spada? Ta si\u0142a, kt\u00f3ra \u2018przyci\u0105ga\u2019 przedmioty w d\u00f3\u0142, nazywa si\u0119 si\u0142\u0105 grawitacji.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Si\u0142a grawitacyjna Ziemi nieustannie nas przyci\u0105ga. To w\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego zawsze trzymamy stopy na ziemi. Nie musimy jednak pozostawa\u0107 w bezpo\u015brednim kontakcie z Ziemi\u0105, aby podlega\u0107 jej przyci\u0105ganiu; wystarczy, \u017ce nie oddalamy si\u0119 zbytnio, aby te same si\u0142y mog\u0142y dzia\u0142a\u0107. To w\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego nasza planeta kr\u0105\u017cy wok\u00f3\u0142 S\u0142o\u0144ca, a Ksi\u0119\u017cyc kr\u0105\u017cy wok\u00f3\u0142 Ziemi.<\/p>\n<p>Si\u0142a grawitacyjna zale\u017cy od masy cia\u0142a. Si\u0142a grawitacyjna mi\u0119dzy dwoma cia\u0142ami jest wprost proporcjonalna do ich mas i bardzo szybko maleje, gdy tylko je od siebie oddalamy. W rzeczywisto\u015bci my r\u00f3wnie\u017c przyci\u0105gamy inne cia\u0142a \u2018nasz\u0105\u2019 si\u0142\u0105 grawitacyjn\u0105, ale jeste\u015bmy zbyt lekcy, by dostrzec jej skutki! S\u0142o\u0144ce jest jednak tak du\u017ce, \u017ce potrafi utrzyma\u0107 nas blisko siebie, nawet gdy znajduje si\u0119 tak daleko. Ksi\u0119\u017cyc r\u00f3wnie\u017c wywiera swoj\u0105 si\u0142\u0119 grawitacyjn\u0105; poniewa\u017c jest mniejszy i l\u017cejszy od Ziemi, gdyby\u015bmy mogli si\u0119 na nim zwa\u017cy\u0107, okaza\u0142oby si\u0119, \u017ce wa\u017cymy oko\u0142o jednej sz\u00f3stej naszej masy na Ziemi.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017cna by zapyta\u0107, dlaczego Ksi\u0119\u017cyc nie spada na Ziemi\u0119 tak jak jab\u0142ko z drzewa. Powodem jest to, \u017ce Ksi\u0119\u017cyc nigdy nie pozostaje w bezruchu. Nieustannie kr\u0105\u017cy wok\u00f3\u0142 nas. Gdyby nie si\u0142a grawitacji Ziemi, po prostu odp\u0142yn\u0105\u0142by w przestrze\u0144 kosmiczn\u0105. To po\u0142\u0105czenie pr\u0119dko\u015bci i odleg\u0142o\u015bci od Ziemi pozwala Ksi\u0119\u017cycowi zawsze utrzymywa\u0107 r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 mi\u0119dzy spadaniem a ucieczk\u0105. Gdyby porusza\u0142 si\u0119 szybciej, uciek\u0142by; gdyby by\u0142 wolniejszy \u2013 spad\u0142by!<\/p>\n<p>Powiedzieli\u015bmy, \u017ce si\u0142a grawitacji zale\u017cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c od odleg\u0142o\u015bci. Gdyby\u015bmy oddalili si\u0119 wystarczaj\u0105co daleko, mogliby\u015bmy uwolni\u0107 si\u0119 od jej przyci\u0105gania. W\u0142a\u015bnie to staramy si\u0119 osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 statk\u00f3w kosmicznych. Musimy osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 i przekroczy\u0107 tak zwan\u0105 \u2018pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 ucieczki\u2019, kt\u00f3ra wynosi oko\u0142o 11,2 km\/s (przy takiej pr\u0119dko\u015bci mogliby\u015bmy przemie\u015bci\u0107 si\u0119 z Londynu do Nowego Jorku w zaledwie dziesi\u0119\u0107 minut!). Gdy prom kosmiczny osi\u0105gnie t\u0119 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107, mo\u017ce swobodnie podr\u00f3\u017cowa\u0107 po Uk\u0142adzie S\u0142onecznym.<\/p>\n<p>W kr\u0105\u017c\u0105cym na orbicie promie kosmicznym nie odczuwamy si\u0142y grawitacyjnej Ziemi. Przedmioty nie spadaj\u0105, tylko unosz\u0105 si\u0119 w powietrzu; je\u015bli podskoczysz, nie opadasz z powrotem na ziemi\u0119. To samo dzieje si\u0119 z astronautami przebywaj\u0105cymi na stacjach kosmicznych kr\u0105\u017c\u0105cych wok\u00f3\u0142 Ziemi!<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"Powi\u0105zane\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">Powi\u0105zane<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/maanen_jorden_og_tyngdekraften2\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">du\u0144ski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/de_maan_de_aarde_en_zwaartekracht\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Holenderski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/la_lune_la_terre_et_la_gravite\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Francuski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/mond_erde_und_schwerkraft\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">niemiecki<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/la_luna_la_terra_e_la_gravita\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">w\u0142oski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/maanen_jorden_og_tyngdekraften\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">norweski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/ksiezyc_ziemia_i_grawitacja\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">polski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/la_luna_la_tierra_y_la_gravedad\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">hiszpa\u0144ski<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/pl\/maanen_jorden_och_gravitation\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">szwedzki<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have you ever seen a fruit or object falling from a tree? And have you ever tried to throw a stone and watch it fall? This force that \u2018brings down\u2019 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2016\/06\/gravity_apple_newton\/17897755-2-eng-GB\/Gravity_apple_Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2016\/06\/Gravity_apple_Newton","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,19],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-story-of-the-universe"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=484"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1627,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/484\/revisions\/1627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}